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Related papers: Irish-BLiMP: A Linguistic Benchmark for Evaluating…

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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising knowledge and reasoning abilities, yet their performance in multilingual and low-resource settings remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often exhibit cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

We introduce The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs (shortened to BLiMP), a challenge set for evaluating what language models (LMs) know about major grammatical phenomena in English. BLiMP consists of 67 sub-datasets, each containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Alex Warstadt , Alicia Parrish , Haokun Liu , Anhad Mohananey , Wei Peng , Sheng-Fu Wang , Samuel R. Bowman

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has predominantly focused on high-resource languages, leaving extremely low-resource languages like Irish with limited representation. This work presents UCCIX, a pioneering effort on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various languages; however, they often include significantly less data for low-resource languages such as Urdu compared to high-resource languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Farah Adeeba , Brian Dillon , Hassan Sajjad , Rajesh Bhatt

The performance of NLP methods for severely under-resourced languages cannot currently hope to match the state of the art in NLP methods for well resourced languages. We explore the extent to which pretrained large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Michela Lorandi , Anya Belz

We introduce MultiBLiMP 1.0, a massively multilingual benchmark of linguistic minimal pairs, covering 101 languages and 2 types of subject-verb agreement, containing more than 128,000 minimal pairs. Our minimal pairs are created using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jaap Jumelet , Leonie Weissweiler , Joakim Nivre , Arianna Bisazza

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a puzzling disparity in their formal linguistic competence: while they learn some linguistic phenomena with near-perfect mastery, they often perform below chance on others, even after training on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 H S V N S Kowndinya Renduchintala , Sumit Bhatia

Large language model (LLM) research and development has overwhelmingly focused on the world's major languages, leading to under-representation of low-resource languages such as Irish. This paper introduces \textbf{Qomhr\'a}, a bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Joseph McInerney , Khanh-Tung Tran , Liam Lonergan , Ailbhe Ní Chasaide , Neasa Ní Chiaráin , Barry Devereux

Linguistically informed analyses of language models (LMs) contribute to the understanding and improvement of these models. Here, we introduce the corpus of Chinese linguistic minimal pairs (CLiMP), which can be used to investigate what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Beilei Xiang , Changbing Yang , Yu Li , Alex Warstadt , Katharina Kann

We introduce a novel analysis that leverages linguistic minimal pairs to probe the internal linguistic representations of Large Language Models (LLMs). By measuring the similarity between LLM activation differences across minimal pairs, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Xinyu Zhou , Delong Chen , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Xufeng Duan , Zhenguang G. Cai

Minimal pairs are a well-established approach to evaluating the grammatical knowledge of language models. However, existing resources for minimal pairs address a limited number of languages and lack diversity of language-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Ekaterina Taktasheva , Maxim Bazhukov , Kirill Koncha , Alena Fenogenova , Ekaterina Artemova , Vladislav Mikhailov

In this paper, we introduce the Quebec-French Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs (QFrBLiMP), a corpus designed to evaluate LLMs' linguistic knowledge of prominent grammatical phenomena in Quebec-French. QFrBLiMP comprises 1,761 minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 David Beauchemin , Pier-Luc Veilleux , Johanna-Pascale Roy , Richard Khoury

We introduce TurBLiMP, the first Turkish benchmark of linguistic minimal pairs, designed to evaluate the linguistic abilities of monolingual and multilingual language models (LMs). Covering 16 linguistic phenomena with 1000 minimal pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ezgi Başar , Francesca Padovani , Jaap Jumelet , Arianna Bisazza

As synthetic data becomes increasingly prevalent in training language models, particularly through generated dialogue, concerns have emerged that these models may deviate from authentic human language patterns, potentially losing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xufeng Duan , Bei Xiao , Xuemei Tang , Zhenguang G. Cai

To understand what kinds of linguistic knowledge are encoded by pretrained Chinese language models (LMs), we introduce the benchmark of Sino LINGuistics (SLING), which consists of 38K minimal sentence pairs in Mandarin Chinese grouped into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yixiao Song , Kalpesh Krishna , Rajesh Bhatt , Mohit Iyyer

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies on extensive text corpora, which are often unevenly distributed across languages. This imbalance results in LLMs performing significantly better on high-resource languages like English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zihao Li , Yucheng Shi , Zirui Liu , Fan Yang , Ali Payani , Ninghao Liu , Mengnan Du

The growing number of submitted papers has motivated the exploration of Large Language Models (LLMs) as a means to support and augment the peer review process, particularly in terms of improving its speed and scalability. Yet, it remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Krzysztof Żurawicki , Julia Farganus , Arkadiusz Gaweł , Mateusz Bystroński , Tomasz Jan Kajdanowicz

To bridge the gap between performance-oriented benchmarks and the evaluation of cognitively inspired models, we introduce BLiSS 1.0, a Benchmark of Learner Interlingual Syntactic Structure. Our benchmark operationalizes a new paradigm of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yuan Gao , Suchir Salhan , Andrew Caines , Paula Buttery , Weiwei Sun

A prominent achievement of natural language processing (NLP) is its ability to understand and generate meaningful human language. This capability relies on complex feedforward transformer block architectures pre-trained on large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ronit D. Gross , Yarden Tzach , Tal Halevi , Ella Koresh , Ido Kanter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, largely due to their generalisability and ability to perform tasks without additional training. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Kurt Micallef , Claudia Borg
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