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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used in domains like social networks and biological systems. However, the locality assumption of GNNs, which limits information exchange to neighboring nodes, hampers their ability to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Tingting Dan , Jiaqi Ding , Ziquan Wei , Shahar Z Kovalsky , Minjeong Kim , Won Hwa Kim , Guorong Wu

This paper analyzes neural networks through graph variables and statistical sufficiency. We interpret neural network layers as graph-based transformations, where neurons act as pairwise functions between inputs and learned anchor points.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong

In an earlier paper the authors proved that limits of convergent graph sequences can be described by various structures, including certain 2-variable real functions called graphons, random graph models satisfying certain consistency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-10 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

We study the spectral aspects of the graph limit theory. We give a description of graphon convergence in terms of converegnce of eigenvalues and eigenspaces. Along these lines we prove a spectral version of the strong regularity lemma.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-31 Balazs Szegedy

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been extensively used in various real-world applications. However, the predictive uncertainty of GNNs stemming from diverse sources such as inherent randomness in data and model training errors can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fangxin Wang , Yuqing Liu , Kay Liu , Yibo Wang , Sourav Medya , Philip S. Yu

Recently, the paradigm of pre-training and fine-tuning graph neural networks has been intensively studied and applied in a wide range of graph mining tasks. Its success is generally attributed to the structural consistency between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yifei Sun , Qi Zhu , Yang Yang , Chunping Wang , Tianyu Fan , Jiajun Zhu , Lei Chen

Subgraph pattern detection aims to uncover complex interaction structures in graphs. However, state-of-the-art graph neural network (GNN)-based solutions assume centralized access to the entire graph. When graphs are instead distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Selin Ceydeli , Rui Wang , Kubilay Atasu

In real-world applications, spectral Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for processing diverse types of graphs. However, a single GNN often struggles to handle different graph types-such as homogeneous and heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shibing Mo , Kai Wu , Qixuan Gao , Xiangyi Teng , Jing Liu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), exhibiting state-of-the-art performance in both graph-structured and non-graph-structured domains. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yaochu Jin , Xueming Yan , Shiqing Liu , Xiangyu Wang

Graph signal processing analyzes signals supported on the nodes of a graph by defining the shift operator in terms of a matrix, such as the graph adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix, related to the structure of the graph. With respect to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-01 Stephen Kruzick , José M. F. Moura

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning representations from structured data. Despite their growing popularity and success across various applications, GNNs encounter several challenges that limit their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yassine Abbahaddou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the de facto standard for modeling graph data, with attention mechanisms and transformers significantly enhancing their performance on graph-based tasks. Despite these advancements, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Nikhil Shivakumar Nayak

Spectral graph neural networks (GNNs) learn graph representations via spectral-domain graph convolutions. However, most existing spectral graph filters are scalar-to-scalar functions, i.e., mapping a single eigenvalue to a single filtered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Deyu Bo , Chuan Shi , Lele Wang , Renjie Liao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are commonly described as being permutation equivariant with respect to node relabeling in the graph. This symmetry of GNNs is often compared to the translation equivariance of Euclidean convolution neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-20 Ningyuan Huang , Ron Levie , Soledad Villar

Implicit Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing graph learning problems recently. However, poorly designed implicit GNN layers may have limited adaptability to learn graph metrics, experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Guoji Fu , Mohammed Haroon Dupty , Yanfei Dong , Lee Wee Sun

Generalization and approximation capabilities of message passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) are often studied by defining a compact metric on a space of input graphs under which MPNNs are H\"older continuous. Such analyses are of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ofek Amran , Tom Gilat , Ron Levie

In this work, we explore the interplay between graph limit theory, the geometry of underlying probability spaces, spectral theory, and network dynamical systems. We investigate two primary questions concerning forward and inverse…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Ágnes Backhausz , Christian Kuehn , Sjoerd van der Niet

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are commonly divided into message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) and spectral graph neural networks, reflecting two largely separate research traditions in machine learning and signal processing. This paper…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable performance on graph-structured data. However, recent empirical studies suggest that GNNs are very susceptible to distribution shift. There is still significant ambiguity about why…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Qi Zhu , Yizhu Jiao , Natalia Ponomareva , Jiawei Han , Bryan Perozzi

Deep learning-based approaches have been developed to solve challenging problems in wireless communications, leading to promising results. Early attempts adopted neural network architectures inherited from applications such as computer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Yifei Shen , Jun Zhang , S. H. Song , Khaled B. Letaief
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