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Recent work shows that post-training datasets for LLMs can be substantially downsampled without noticeably deteriorating performance. However, data selection often incurs high computational costs or is limited to narrow domains. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Paramita Mirza , Lucas Weber , Fabian Küch

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with downstream data is often considered time-consuming and expensive. Structured pruning methods are primarily employed to improve the inference efficiency of pre-trained models. Meanwhile, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wei Huang , Anda Cheng , Yinggui Wang

Recent studies have demonstrated that many layers are functionally redundant in large language models (LLMs), enabling model compression by removing these layers to reduce inference cost. While such approaches can improve efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kainan Liu , Yong Zhang , Ning Cheng , Zhitao Li , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning abilities, but their high computational costs limit their practical deployment. Recent studies reveal significant redundancy in LLMs layers, making layer pruning an active research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hao Liu , Guangyan Li , Wensheng Zhang , Yongqiang Tang

Approaches for compressing large-language models using low-rank decomposition have made strides, particularly with the introduction of activation and loss-aware SVD, which improves the trade-off between decomposition rank and downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sidhant Sundrani , Francesco Tudisco , Pasquale Minervini

Full-parameter fine-tuning of large language models is constrained by substantial GPU memory requirements. Low-rank adaptation methods mitigate this challenge by updating only a subset of parameters. However, these approaches often limit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kaiyuan Tian , Yu Tang , Gongqingjian Jiang , Baihui Liu , Yifu Gao , Xialin Su , Linbo Qiao , Dongsheng Li

Large language models (LLMs) enable unparalleled few- and zero-shot reasoning capabilities but at a high computational footprint. A growing assortment of methods for compression promises to reduce the computational burden of LLMs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ananya Harsh Jha , Tom Sherborne , Evan Pete Walsh , Dirk Groeneveld , Emma Strubell , Iz Beltagy

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a fixture in modern machine learning. Correspondingly, significant resources are allocated towards research that aims to further advance this technology, typically resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Pratyusha Sharma , Jordan T. Ash , Dipendra Misra

The resource requirements of neural networks can be significantly reduced through pruning - the removal of seemingly less important parameters. However, for LLMs, full retraining to recover pruning-induced performance degradation is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Max Zimmer , Christophe Roux , Moritz Wagner , Deborah Hendrych , Sebastian Pokutta

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains, their considerable scale necessitates substantial computational resources, posing significant challenges for deployment in resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yao Lu , Hao Cheng , Yujie Fang , Zeyu Wang , Jiaheng Wei , Dongwei Xu , Qi Xuan , Xiaoniu Yang , Zhaowei Zhu

Gradient-based data selection offers a principled framework for estimating sample utility in large language model (LLM) fine-tuning, but existing methods are mostly designed for offline settings. They are therefore less suited to online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fangxin Wang , Peyman Baghershahi , Langzhou He , Henry Peng Zou , Sourav Medya , Philip S. Yu

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

Due to the substantial scale of Large Language Models (LLMs), the direct application of conventional compression methodologies proves impractical. The computational demands associated with even minimal gradient updates present challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Arnav Chavan , Nahush Lele , Deepak Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning abilities, enabling strong generalization across diverse tasks such as commonsense reasoning and instruction following. However, as LLMs scale, inference costs become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Benedikt Staffler , Frank Hutter , Aaron Klein

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation has recently garnered considerable attention, where fine-tuning plays a key role in LLMs' adaptation. However, the cost of fine-tuning LLMs on rapidly expanding recommendation data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyu Lin , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Shuo Yang , Fuli Feng , Yinwei Wei , Tat-Seng Chua

LLM-based recommender systems have made significant progress; however, the deployment cost associated with the large parameter volume of LLMs still hinders their real-world applications. This work explores parameter pruning to improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shanle Zheng , Keqin Bao , Jizhi Zhang , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in enhancing various aspects of our daily lives, from conversational AI to search and AI assistants. However, their growing capabilities come at the cost of extremely large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yingyu Liang , Jiangxuan Long , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou

Adapting large pre-trained language models to downstream tasks often entails fine-tuning millions of parameters or deploying costly dense weight updates, which hinders their use in resource-constrained environments. Low-rank Adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Longteng Zhang , Sen Wu , Shuai Hou , Zhengyu Qing , Zhuo Zheng , Danning Ke , Qihong Lin , Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu
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