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Quantum random number generation exploits inherent randomness of quantum mechanical processes and measurements. Real-time generation rate of quantum random numbers is usually limited by electronic bandwidth and data processing rates. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Xiaomin Guo , Chen Cheng , Mingchuan Wu , Qingzhong Gao , Pu Li , Yanqiang Guo

Pulsars exhibit signals with precise inter-arrival times that are on the order of milliseconds to seconds, depending on the individual pulsar. There are subtle variations in the timing of pulsar signals. We show that these variations can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hayder Tirmazi

Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…

Random numbers are important in many activities, including communication, encryption, science, gambling, finance, and decision-making. There is a strong demand for a hardware random number generator that could support cryptographic…

We demonstrate on-chip quantum random number generation at high data rates using the random phases of gain-switched laser pulses. Interference of the gain-switched pulses produced by two independent semiconductor lasers is performed on a…

Random numbers are widely used for information security, cryptography, stochastic modeling, and quantum simulations. Key technical challenges for physical random number generation are speed and scalability. We demonstrate a method for…

High-quality random numbers are very critical to many fields such as cryptography, finance, and scientific simulation, which calls for the design of reliable true random number generators (TRNGs). Limited by entropy source, throughput,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Siqing Fu , Tiejun Li , Chunyuan Zhang , Hanqing Li , Sheng Ma , Jianmin Zhang , Ruiyi Zhang , Lizhou Wu

A high-speed random number generator (RNG) circuit based on magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) using an error-correcting code (ECC) post processing circuit is presented. ECC post processing increases the quality of randomness by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Naoharu Shimomura , Sumio Ikegawa , Mari Matsumoto , Shinobu Fujita , Hiroaki Yoda

Probabilistic computers replace logic gates with networks of interacting random variables, creating bidirectional systems that can back-derive inputs from outputs. Such architectures enable efficient generation of random samples,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Shreyes Nallan , Jian-Gang Zhu

Graphical probabilistic circuit models of stochastic computing are more powerful than the predominant deep learning models, but also have more demanding requirements. For example, they require "programmable stochasticity", e.g. generating…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 M. T. McCray , Md Ahsanul Abeed , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Random number generation is crucial in many aspects of everyday life, as online security and privacy depend ultimately on the quality of random numbers. Many current implementations are based on pseudo-random number generators, but…

We present a random number generator based on quantum effects in photonic emission and detection. It is unique in simultaneous use of both spatial and temporal quantum information contained in the system which makes it resilient to hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-21 Mario Stipčević , John Bowers

With a growing interest in securing user data within the internet-of-things (IoT), embedded encryption has become of paramount importance, requiring light-weight high-quality Random Number Generators (RNGs). Emerging stochastic device…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Furqan Zahoor , Ibrahim A. Albulushi , Saleh Bunaiyan , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Hesham ElSawy , Feras Al-Dirini

Magnetic tunnel junctions operating in the superparamagnetic regime are promising devices in the field of probabilistic computing, which is suitable for applications like high-dimensional optimization or sampling problems. Further, random…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Christopher Safranski , Jan Kaiser , Philip Trouilloud , Pouya Hashemi , Guohan Hu , Jonathan Z Sun

We demonstrate that thermally stable perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs), widely used in spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory, can be actuated with nanosecond pulses to exhibit tunable stochastic behavior. This…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Ahmed Sidi El Valli , Michael Tsao , Dairong Chen , Andrew D. Kent

The cryptographic security provided by various techniques of random number generator (RNG) construction is one of the developing researches areas today. Among various types of RNG, the true random bit generator (TRBG) can be considered as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-05-22 Togzhan Abzhanova , Irina Dolzhikova , Alex Pappachen James

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that it is possible to generate true random numbers at high throughput and low latency in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) DRAM chips by leveraging simultaneous multiple-row activation (SiMRA) via…

With the current interest in building quantum computers, there is a strong need for accurate and efficient characterization of the noise in quantum gate implementations. A key measure of the performance of a quantum gate is the minimum gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Yiping Lu , Jun Yan Sim , Jun Suzuki , Berthold-Georg Englert , Hui Khoon Ng

For high-speed quantum key distribution systems, error reconciliation is often the bottleneck affecting system performance. By exchanging common information through a public channel, the identical key can be generated on both communicating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Ke Cui , Jian Wang , Hong-fei Zhang , Chun-li Luo , Ge Jin , Teng-yun Chen

We present a random number generation scheme based on measuring the phase fluctuations of a laser with a simple and compact experimental setup. A simple model is established to analyze the randomness and the simulation result based on this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-05 Jie Yang , Jinlu Liu , Qi Su , Zhengyu Li , Fan Fan , Bingjie Xu , Hong Guo