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Nonlocality and contextuality are at the root of conceptual puzzles in quantum mechanics, and are key resources for quantum advantage in information-processing tasks. Bell nonlocality is best understood as the incompatibility between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Eric G. Cavalcanti

The predictions of quantum theory resist generalised noncontextual explanations. In addition to the foundational relevance of this fact, the particular extent to which quantum theory violates noncontextuality limits available quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 Anubhav Chaturvedi , Máté Farkas , Victoria J Wright

We study the contextuality of a three-level quantum system using classical conditional entropy of measurement outcomes. First, we analytically construct the minimal configuration of measurements required to reveal contextuality. Next, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Pawel Kurzynski , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Dagomir Kaszlikowski

In his constructive and well-informed commentary, Andrei Khrennikov acknowledges a privileged status of classical probability theory with respect to statistical analysis. He also sees advantages offered by the Contextuality-by-Default…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-14 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Maria Kon

Contextuality in quantum physics provides a key resource for quantum information and computation. The topological approach in [Abramsky and Brandenburger, New J. Phys., 2011, Abramsky et al., CSL 2015, 2015] characterizes contextuality as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Kohei Kishida

Quantum contextuality is one of the most perplexing and peculiar features of quantum mechanics. Concisely, it refers to the observation that the result of a single measurement in quantum mechanics depends on the set of joint measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Zheng-Hao Liu , Qiang Li , Bi-Heng Liu , Yun-Feng Huang , Jin-Shi Xu , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We introduce contextual values as a generalization of the eigenvalues of an observable that takes into account both the system observable and a general measurement procedure. This technique leads to a natural definition of a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-16 J. Dressel , S. Agarwal , A. N. Jordan

The Contextuality-by-Default approach to determining and measuring the (non)contextuality of a system of random variables requires that every random variable in the system be represented by an equivalent set of dichotomous random variables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Janne V. Kujala , Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

Contextuality, the impossibility of assigning a single random variable to represent the outcomes of the same measurement procedure under different experimental conditions, is a central aspect of quantum mechanics. Thus defined, it appears…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 J. Acacio de Barros , Gary Oas

In this work we present a hierarchy of generalized contextuality. It refines the traditional binary distinction between contextual and noncontextual theories, and facilitates their comparison based on how contextual they are. Our approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Lorenzo Catani , Thomas D. Galley , Tomáš Gonda

More than a century after the inception of quantum theory, the question of which traits and phenomena are fundamentally quantum remains under debate. Here we give an answer to this question for temporal processes which are probed…

Most scholars maintain that quantum mechanics (QM) is a contextual theory and that quantum probability does not allow an epistemic (ignorance) interpretation. By inquiring possible connections between contextuality and non-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-13 Claudio Garola

We present a formal theory of contextuality for a set of random variables grouped into different subsets (contexts) corresponding to different, mutually incompatible conditions. Within each context the random variables are jointly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-01 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala , Jan-Åke Larsson

A central result in the foundations of quantum mechanics is the Kochen-Specker theorem. In short, it states that quantum mechanics is in conflict with classical models in which the result of a measurement does not depend on which other…

Measurement uncertainty is an important topic in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum. Previous research on student thinking about experimental measurement uncertainty has focused primarily on introductory-level students' procedural…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-10-26 Emily M. Stump , Matthew Dew , Gina Passante , N. G. Holmes

This paper is a brief overview of the concepts involved in measuring the degree of contextuality and detecting contextuality in systems of binary measurements of a finite number of objects. We discuss and clarify the main concepts and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-21 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala , Victor H. Cervantes

Two notions of nonclassicality that have been investigated intensively are: (i) negativity, that is, the need to posit negative values when representing quantum states by quasiprobability distributions such as the Wigner representation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-07 Robert W. Spekkens

In a recent article entitled "A simple explanation of the quantum violation of a fundamental inequality," Cabello proposes a condition on a class of probabilistic models that, he claims, gives the same bound on contextuality for the KCBS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-25 Joe Henson

We present a new and feasible test proving quantum contextuality in four-dimensional Hiltbert space. In our scheme, a contradiction between quantum mechanics and noncontextual hidden variables is revealed through the measurement statistics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-27 Yoshihiro Nambu

Exploring quantum phenomena beyond predictions of any classical model has fundamental importance to understand the boundary of classical and quantum descriptions of nature. As a typical property that a quantum system behaves distinctively…

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