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Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is widely recognized as a critical 21st-century skill. Assessing CPS depends heavily on coding the communication data using a construct-relevant framework, and this process has long been a major…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jiangang Hao , Wenju Cui , Patrick Kyllonen , Emily Kerzabi , Lei Liu , Michael Flor

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable code-generation ability, they still struggle with complex tasks. In real-world software development, humans usually tackle complex tasks through collaborative teamwork, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yihong Dong , Xue Jiang , Zhi Jin , Ge Li

Pre-trained code models have emerged as crucial tools in various code intelligence tasks. However, their effectiveness depends on the quality of the pre-training dataset, particularly the human reference comments, which serve as a bridge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Kang Yang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Tanghaoran Zhang , Bo Lin , Yanlin Wang , Yihao Qin , Zhang Zhang , Xiaoguang Mao

The transformative influence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is profoundly reshaping the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology domain. Notably, ChatGPT distinguishes itself within these models, demonstrating remarkable performance in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sayed Erfan Arefin , Tasnia Ashrafi Heya , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

Harnessing the potential of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT can help address social challenges through inclusive, ethical, and sustainable means. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which ChatGPT can annotate data for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Yiming Zhu , Peixian Zhang , Ehsan-Ul Haq , Pan Hui , Gareth Tyson

Recent studies have demonstrated promising potential of ChatGPT for various text annotation and classification tasks. However, ChatGPT is non-deterministic which means that, as with human coders, identical input can lead to different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Michael V. Reiss

Qualitative coding, or content analysis, extracts meaning from text to discern quantitative patterns across a corpus of texts. Recently, advances in the interpretive abilities of large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Zackary Okun Dunivin

In recent times, large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in generating computer code, blurring the lines between code created by humans and code produced by artificial intelligence (AI). As these technologies evolve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Marc Oedingen , Raphael C. Engelhardt , Robin Denz , Maximilian Hammer , Wolfgang Konen

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are increasingly proficient in understanding and generating a mixture of code and text. Evaluation based on such $\textit{mixture}$ can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the models'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zhenru Lin , Yiqun Yao , Yang Yuan

To support software developers in understanding and maintaining programs, various automatic code summarization techniques have been proposed to generate a concise natural language comment for a given code snippet. Recently, the emergence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Weisong Sun , Chunrong Fang , Yudu You , Yun Miao , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Gelei Deng , Shenghan Huang , Yuchen Chen , Quanjun Zhang , Hanwei Qian , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

ChatGPT has gained a huge popularity since its introduction. Its positive aspects have been reported through many media platforms, and some analyses even showed that ChatGPT achieved a decent grade in professional exams, adding extra…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Myeongjun Erik Jang , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Teamwork is a critical component of many academic and professional settings. In those contexts, feedback between team members is an important element to facilitate successful and sustainable teamwork. However, in the classroom, as the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Andrew Katz , Siqing Wei , Gaurav Nanda , Christopher Brinton , Matthew Ohland

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) offers promising potential for advancing human-AI collaboration in qualitative research. However, existing works focused on conventional machine-learning and pattern-based AI systems, and little is…

Recently, large language models (LLM) based generative AI has been gaining momentum for their impressive high-quality performances in multiple domains, particularly after the release of the ChatGPT. Many believe that they have the potential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Wei Wang , Huilong Ning , Gaowei Zhang , Libo Liu , Yi Wang

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the code generation capabilities of ChatGPT, a prominent large language model, compared to human programmers. A novel dataset of 131 code-generation prompts across 5 categories was curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Muhammad Fawad Akbar Khan , Max Ramsdell , Erik Falor , Hamid Karimi

Generative Large Language Models (gLLMs), such as ChatGPT, are increasingly being used in communication research for content analysis. Studies show that gLLMs can outperform both crowd workers and trained coders, such as research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Daria Kravets-Meinke , Hannah Schmid-Petri , Sonja Niemann , Ute Schmid

Dialogue data has been a key source for understanding learning processes, offering critical insights into how students engage in collaborative discussions and how these interactions shape their knowledge construction. The advent of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ying Na , Shihui Feng

As AI becomes more integral in our lives, the need for transparency and responsibility grows. While natural language explanations (NLEs) are vital for clarifying the reasoning behind AI decisions, evaluating them through human judgments is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Fan Huang , Haewoon Kwak , Kunwoo Park , Jisun An

Qualitative research, renowned for its in-depth exploration of complex phenomena, often involves time-intensive analysis, particularly during the coding stage. Existing software for qualitative evaluation frequently lacks automatic coding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-23 He Zhang , Chuhao Wu , Jingyi Xie , Fiona Rubino , Sydney Graver , ChanMin Kim , John M. Carroll , Jie Cai

With generative artificial intelligence driving the growth of dialogic data in education, automated coding is a promising direction for learning analytics to improve efficiency. This surge highlights the need to understand the nuances of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zijian Li , Luzhen Tang , Mengyu Xia , Xinyu Li , Naping Chen , Dragan Gašević , Yizhou Fan
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