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In the field of multi-modal language models, the majority of methods are built on an architecture similar to LLaVA. These models use a single-layer ViT feature as a visual prompt, directly feeding it into the language models alongside…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Kaibing Chen , Dong Shen , Hanwen Zhong , Huasong Zhong , Kui Xia , Di Xu , Wei Yuan , Yifei Hu , Bin Wen , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Dewen Fan , Huihui Xiao , Jiahong Wu , Fan Yang , Size Li , Di Zhang

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on…

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically employ a connector module to link visual features with text embeddings of large language models (LLMs) and use end-to-end training to achieve multi-modal understanding in a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zixian Guo , Ming Liu , Qilong Wang , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Large language models such as BERT and the GPT series started a paradigm shift that calls for building general-purpose models via pre-training on large datasets, followed by fine-tuning on task-specific datasets. There is now a plethora of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jeremy Gwinnup , Kevin Duh

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across a wide range of domains, with increasing emphasis on enhancing their zero-shot generalization capabilities for unseen tasks across various modalities.…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in connecting vision and language, yet their proficiency in fundamental visual reasoning tasks remains limited. This limitation can be attributed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Davide Caffagni , Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Pier Luigi Dovesi , Shaghayegh Roohi , Mark Granroth-Wilding , Rita Cucchiara

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in representing and understanding diverse modalities. However, they typically focus on modality alignment in a pairwise manner while overlooking structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajin Liu , Dongzhe Fan , Jiacheng Shen , Chuanhao Ji , Daochen Zha , Qiaoyu Tan

Instruction-based text editing is increasingly critical for real-world applications such as code editors (e.g., Cursor), but Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to struggle with this task. Unlike free-form generation, editing requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yiming Zeng , Jinghan Cao , Zexin Li , Wanhao Yu , Zhankai Ye , Dawei Xiang , Ting Hua , Xin Liu , Shangqian Gao , Tingting Yu

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) rely on effective multimodal alignment between pre-trained vision encoders and Large Language Models (LLMs) to integrate visual and textual information. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shweta Mahajan , Hoang Le , Hyojin Park , Farzad Farhadzadeh , Munawar Hayat , Fatih Porikli

With the bloom of Large Language Models (LLMs), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that incorporate LLMs with pre-trained vision models have recently demonstrated impressive performance across diverse vision-language tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ziyue Wang , Chi Chen , Yiqi Zhu , Fuwen Luo , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities by integrating visual and textual inputs, yet modality alignment remains one of the most challenging aspects. Current MLLMs typically rely on simple adapter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yuanyang Yin , Yaqi Zhao , Yajie Zhang , Yuanxing Zhang , Ke Lin , Jiahao Wang , Xin Tao , Pengfei Wan , Wentao Zhang , Feng Zhao

The upsurge in pre-trained large models started by ChatGPT has swept across the entire deep learning community. Such powerful models demonstrate advanced generative ability and multimodal understanding capability, which quickly set new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Ning Ding , Yehui Tang , Zhongqian Fu , Chao Xu , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in visual tasks, yet their spatial understanding remains limited to single images, leaving them ill-suited for physical-world applications that require multi-frame reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runsen Xu , Weiyao Wang , Hao Tang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaodong Wang , Fu-Jen Chu , Matt Feiszli , Kevin J. Liang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance on perception-oriented tasks, yet their ability to perform mathematical spatial reasoning, defined as the capacity to parse and manipulate two- and three-dimensional…

Contemporary Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on a wide range of tasks by pairing a vision encoder with a pre-trained language model, fine-tuned for visual-text inputs. Yet despite these gains, it remains unclear how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lachin Naghashyar , Hunar Batra , Ashkan Khakzar , Philip Torr , Ronald Clark , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Constantin Venhoff

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), they have largely overlooked the importance of visual processing. In a simple yet revealing experiment, we interestingly find that language-only models, when provided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuting Li , Lai Wei , Kaipeng Zheng , Jingyuan Huang , Guilin Li , Bo Wang , Linghe Kong , Lichao Sun , Weiran Huang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) require a nuanced interpretation of complex image information, typically leveraging a vision encoder to perceive various visual scenarios. However, relying solely on a single vision encoder to handle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xin He , Xumeng Han , Longhui Wei , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

Short video platforms are evolving rapidly, making the identification of inappropriate content increasingly critical. Existing approaches typically train separate and small classification models for each type of issue, which requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zixuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hongwei Wang , Baoyu Jing , Xiang Shen , Xin Dong , Zhuolin Hao , Hongyu Xiong , Yang Song

This paper introduces an efficient strategy to transform Large Language Models (LLMs) into Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). By conceptualizing this transformation as a domain adaptation process, i.e., transitioning from text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Bingchen Zhao , Haoqin Tu , Chen Wei , Jieru Mei , Cihang Xie

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated notable capabilities in general visual understanding and reasoning tasks. However, their deployment is hindered by substantial computational costs in both training and inference,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Muyang He , Yexin Liu , Boya Wu , Jianhao Yuan , Yueze Wang , Tiejun Huang , Bo Zhao
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