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Small language models (SLMs) have become increasingly prominent in the deployment on edge devices due to their high efficiency and low computational cost. While researchers continue to advance the capabilities of SLMs through innovative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sibo Yi , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Qi Li , Jiaxing Song

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are widely used in vision-language reasoning tasks. However, their vulnerability to adversarial prompts remains a serious concern, as safety mechanisms often fail to prevent the generation of harmful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zuoou Li , Weitong Zhang , Jingyuan Wang , Shuyuan Zhang , Wenjia Bai , Bernhard Kainz , Mengyun Qiao

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks but remain vulnerable to visual adversarial perturbations that can induce hallucinations, manipulate responses, or bypass safety mechanisms. Existing methods seek to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hashmat Shadab Malik , Fahad Shamshad , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar , Fahad Khan , Salman Khan

Backdoor attacks undermine the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems by injecting hidden behaviors that can be maliciously activated at inference time. While such threats have been extensively studied in unimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Juncheng Li , Yige Li , Hanxun Huang , Yunhao Chen , Xin Wang , Yixu Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Safety evaluation of multimodal foundation models often treats vision and language inputs separately, missing risks from joint interpretation where benign content becomes harmful in combination. Existing approaches also fail to distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shruti Palaskar , Leon Gatys , Mona Abdelrahman , Mar Jacobo , Larry Lindsey , Rutika Moharir , Gunnar Lund , Yang Xu , Navid Shiee , Jeffrey Bigham , Charles Maalouf , Joseph Yitan Cheng

Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti

By incorporating visual inputs, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) extend LLMs to support visual reasoning. However, this integration also introduces new vulnerabilities, making MLLMs susceptible to multimodal jailbreak attacks and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Beitao Chen , Xinyu Lyu , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Heng Tao Shen

As deep learning advances, Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal counterparts, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have shown exceptional performance in many real-world tasks. However, MLLMs face significant security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Fenghua Weng , Yue Xu , Chengyan Fu , Wenjie Wang

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have underscored their superiority in various multimodal tasks. However, the adversarial robustness of VLMs has not been fully explored. Existing methods mainly assess robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ruofan Wang , Xingjun Ma , Hanxu Zhou , Chuanjun Ji , Guangnan Ye , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

The security concerns surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively explored, yet the safety of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains understudied. In this paper, we observe that Multimodal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xin Liu , Yichen Zhu , Jindong Gu , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang , Yu Qiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly popular, powering a wide range of applications. Their widespread use has sparked concerns, especially through jailbreak attacks that bypass safety measures to produce harmful content. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhengchun Shang , Wenlan Wei , Weiheng Bai

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) comprise of both visual and textual modalities to process vision language tasks. However, MLLMs are vulnerable to security-related issues, such as jailbreak attacks that alter the model's input to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xingwei Zhong , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Jailbreak attacks reveal critical vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by causing them to generate harmful or unethical content. Evaluating these threats is particularly challenging due to the evolving nature of LLMs and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Peiyan Zhang , Haibo Jin , Liying Kang , Haohan Wang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance, but are also vulnerable to backdoor attacks whereby the adversary can manipulate the model's outputs through hidden triggers. Prior attacks primarily rely on single-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Zhong , Zhen Sun , Yepang Liu , Xinlei He , Guanhong Tao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance and have been put into practical use in commercial applications, but they still have potential safety mechanism vulnerabilities. Jailbreak attacks are red teaming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Shiji Zhao , Ranjie Duan , Fengxiang Wang , Chi Chen , Caixin Kang , Shouwei Ruan , Jialing Tao , YueFeng Chen , Hui Xue , Xingxing Wei

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, their integration of visual inputs introduces expanded attack surfaces, thereby exposing them to novel security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

We present MultiBreak, a scalable and diverse multi-turn jailbreak benchmark to evaluate large language model (LLM) safety. Multi-turn jailbreaks mimic natural conversational settings, making them easier to bypass safety-aligned LLM than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jialin Song , Xiaodong Liu , Weiwei Yang , Wuyang Chen , Mingqian Feng , Xuekai Zhu , Jianfeng Gao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), trained on multimodal big datasets, have significantly advanced AI by excelling in vision-language tasks. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly jailbreak attacks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Md Zarif Hossain , Ahmed Imteaj

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass their safety mechanisms. Existing attack methods are fixed or specifically tailored for certain models and cannot flexibly adjust attack strength, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiting Dong , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Xiang He , Yi Zeng