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The scale and complexity of modern cloud infrastructure have made Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) essential for managing deployments. While large Language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to generate IaC configurations from natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhenning Yang , Kaden Gruizenga , Tongyuan Miao , Patrick Tser Jern Kon , Hui Guan , Ang Chen

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) has enabled cloud customers to have more agility in creating and modifying complex deployments of cloud-provisioned resources. By writing a configuration in IaC languages such as CloudFormation, users can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Feitong Qiao , Aryana Mohammadi , Jürgen Cito , Mark Santolucito

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is fundamental to modern cloud computing, enabling teams to define and manage infrastructure through machine-readable configuration files. However, different cloud service providers utilize diverse IaC formats.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sam Davidson , Li Sun , Bhavana Bhasker , Laurent Callot , Anoop Deoras

The increasing complexity of cloud-native infrastructure has made Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) essential for reproducible and scalable deployments. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating IaC snippets from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Rana Nameer Hussain Khan , Dawood Wasif , Jin-Hee Cho , Ali Butt

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools have transformed the way IT infrastructure is automated and managed, but their growing adoption has also exposed numerous challenges for practitioners. In this paper, we investigate these challenges…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Carolina Carreira , Nuno Saavedra , Alexandra Mendes , João F. Ferreira

Automating Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) is challenging, and large language models (LLMs) often produce incorrect configurations from natural language (NL). We present TerraFormer, a neuro-symbolic framework for IaC generation and mutation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Prithwish Jana , Sam Davidson , Bhavana Bhasker , Andrey Kan , Anoop Deoras , Laurent Callot

Users of cloud platforms often must expend significant manual efforts in the deployment and orchestration of their services on cloud platforms due primarily to having to deal with the high variabilities in the configuration options for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Anirban Bhattacharjee , Yogesh Barve , Aniruddha Gokhale , Takayuki Kuroda

Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) generation holds significant promise for automating cloud infrastructure provisioning. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) present a promising opportunity to democratize IaC development by generating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tianyi Zhang , Shidong Pan , Zejun Zhang , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoyu Sun

Infrastructure-as-code (IaC) is a practice to implement continuous deployment by allowing management and provisioning of infrastructure through the definition of machine-readable files and automation around them, rather than physical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Stefano Dalla Palma , Dario Di Nucci , Fabio Palomba , Damian A. Tamburri

Infrastructure as code (IaC) tools automate cloud provisioning but verifying that deployed systems remain consistent with the IaC specifications remains challenging. Such configuration drift occurs because of bugs in the IaC specification,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sami Abuzakuk , Lucas Crijns , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Rafael Pires , Martijn de Vos

Practitioners use Infrastructure as Code (IaC) scripts to efficiently configure IT infrastructures through machine-readable definition files. However, during the development of these scripts, some code patterns or deployment choices may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Seif Kosbar , Mohammad Hamdaqa

Context:Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the practice to automatically configure system dependencies and to provision local and remote instances. Practitioners consider IaC as a fundamental pillar to implement DevOps practices, which helps…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Akond Rahman , Rezvan Mahdavi-Hezaveh , Laurie Williams

Infrastructure as code (IaC) scripts are used to automate the maintenance and configuration of software development and deployment infrastructure. IaC scripts can be complex in nature, containing hundreds of lines of code, leading to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Akond Rahman , Sarah Elder , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Vanessa Frost , Jonathan Stallings , Laurie Williams

Cloud computing has become popular thanks to the widespread use of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools, allowing the community to conveniently manage and configure cloud infrastructure using scripts. However, the scripting process itself…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Alexandre Verdet , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh

The increasing use of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) in DevOps leads to benefits in speed and reliability of deployment operation, but extends to infrastructure challenges typical of software systems. IaC scripts can contain defects that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Michele Chiari , Michele De Pascalis , Matteo Pradella

In recent years, Infrastructure as Code (IaC) has emerged as a critical approach for managing and provisioning IT infrastructure through code and automation. IaC enables organizations to create scalable and consistent environments,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yikun Li , Matteo Grella , Daniel Nahmias , Gal Engelberg , Dan Klein , Giancarlo Guizzardi , Thijs van Ede , Andrea Continella

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enables scalable and automated IT infrastructure management but is prone to errors that can lead to security vulnerabilities, outages, and data loss. While prior research has focused on detecting IaC issues,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Nuno Saavedra , João F. Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) has become integral to modern software development, enabling automated and consistent configuration of computing environments. The rapid proliferation of IaC scripts has highlighted the need for better code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Pandu Ranga Reddy Konala , Vimal Kumar , David Bainbridge , Junaid Haseeb

Cloud infrastructure is the cornerstone of the modern IT industry. However, managing this infrastructure effectively requires considerable manual effort from the DevOps engineering team. We make a case for developing AI agents powered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhenning Yang , Archit Bhatnagar , Yiming Qiu , Tongyuan Miao , Patrick Tser Jern Kon , Yunming Xiao , Yibo Huang , Martin Casado , Ang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) currently exhibit low success rates in generating correct and intent-aligned Infrastructure as Code (IaC). This research investigated methods to improve LLM-based IaC generation, specifically for Terraform, by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Roman Nekrasov , Stefano Fossati , Indika Kumara , Damian Andrew Tamburri , Willem-Jan van den Heuvel
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