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Common random string model is a popular model in classical cryptography with many constructions proposed in this model. We study a quantum analogue of this model called the common Haar state model, which was also studied in an independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 Prabhanjan Ananth , Aditya Gulati , Yao-Ting Lin

Pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) are ubiquitous in stochastic simulations and machine learning (ML), where they drive sampling, parameter initialization, regularization, and data shuffling. While widely used, the potential impact of…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Benjamin A. Antunes

We construct a unitary oracle relative to which $\mathbf{BQP}=\mathbf{QCMA}$ but quantum-computation-classical-communication (QCCC) commitments and QCCC multiparty non-interactive key exchange exist. We also construct a unitary oracle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Eli Goldin , Tomoyuki Morimae , Saachi Mutreja , Takashi Yamakawa

Given a circuit $G: \{0, 1\}^n \to \{0, 1\}^m$ with $m > n$, the *range avoidance* problem ($\text{Avoid}$) asks to output a string $y\in \{0, 1\}^m$ that is not in the range of $G$. Besides its profound connection to circuit complexity and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hanlin Ren , Yichuan Wang , Yan Zhong

In this work, we argue that the implications of Pseudo and Quantum Random Number Generators (PRNG and QRNG) inexplicably affect the performances and behaviours of various machine learning models that require a random input. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Jordan J. Bird , Anikó Ekárt , Diego R. Faria

Many Random Number Generators (RNG) are available nowadays; they are divided in two categories, hardware RNG, that provide "true" random numbers, and algorithmic RNG, that generate pseudo random numbers (PRNG). Both types usually generate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Andrea C. G. Mennucci

We propose the concept of pseudorandom states and study their constructions, properties, and applications. Under the assumption that quantum-secure one-way functions exist, we present concrete and efficient constructions of pseudorandom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Zhengfeng Ji , Yi-Kai Liu , Fang Song

Randomized measurements are useful for analyzing quantum systems especially when quantum control is not fully perfect. However, their practical realization typically requires multiple rotations in the complex space due to the adoption of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Jin-Min Liang , Satoya Imai , Shuheng Liu , Shao-Ming Fei , Otfried Gühne , Qiongyi He

We show that concrete hardness assumptions about learning or cloning the output state of a random quantum circuit can be used as the foundation for secure quantum cryptography. In particular, under these assumptions we construct secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Bill Fefferman , Soumik Ghosh , Makrand Sinha , Henry Yuen

Certifying random number generators is challenging, especially in security-critical fields like cryptography. Here, we demonstrate a measurement-device-independent quantum random number generator (MDI-QRNG) using high-dimensional photonic…

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness quantum mechanical unpredictability to produce true randomness, which is crucial for cryptography and secure communications. Among various QRNGs, source-independent QRNGs (SI-QRNGs) relax the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Hongyi Zhou

The generation of pseudo-random discrete probability distributions is of paramount importance for a wide range of stochastic simulations spanning from Monte Carlo methods to the random sampling of quantum states for investigations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-02 Jonas Maziero

Quantum random number generator (QRNG) utilizes the intrinsic randomness of quantum systems to generate completely unpredictable and genuine random numbers, finding wide applications across many fields. QRNGs relying on the phase noise of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Jialiang Li , Zitao Huang , Chunlin Yu , Jiajie Wu , Tongge Zhao , Xiangwei Zhu , Shihai Sun

Quantum random number (QRNG) beacons distinguish themselves from classical counterparts by providing intrinsic unpredictability originating from the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. Most demonstrations have focused on certifiable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-30 Lac Nguyen , Jeevanandha Ramanathan , Michelle Mei Wang , Yong Meng Sua , Yuping Huang

In the classical world, the existence of commitments is equivalent to the existence of one-way functions. In the quantum setting, on the other hand, commitments are not known to imply one-way functions, but all known constructions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-16 Tomoyuki Morimae , Takashi Yamakawa

Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs) have become ubiquitous in machine learning technologies because they are interesting for numerous methods. The field of machine learning holds the potential for substantial advancements across various…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Benjamin Antunes , David R. C Hill

Quantum computational pseudorandomness has emerged as a fundamental notion that spans connections to complexity theory, cryptography and fundamental physics. However, all known constructions of efficient quantum-secure pseudorandom objects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Soumik Ghosh , Sathyawageeswar Subramanian , Wei Zhan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a way for establishing information-theoretically secure communications. An important part of QKD technology is a high-quality random number generator (RNG) for quantum states preparation and for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 A. S. Trushechkin , P. A. Tregubov , E. O. Kiktenko , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. K. Fedorov

We prove new results on the polarizing random walk framework introduced in recent works of Chattopadhyay {et al.} [CHHL19,CHLT19] that exploit $L_1$ Fourier tail bounds for classes of Boolean functions to construct pseudorandom generators…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Eshan Chattopadhyay , Jason Gaitonde , Chin Ho Lee , Shachar Lovett , Abhishek Shetty

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift for computation requiring an entirely new computer architecture. However, there is much that can be learned from traditional classical computer engineering. In this paper, we describe the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 A. Y. Matsuura , Timothy G. Mattson