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Sequence parallelism (SP) serves as a prevalent strategy to handle long sequences that exceed the memory limit of a single device. However, for linear sequence modeling methods like linear attention, existing SP approaches do not take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Weigao Sun , Zhen Qin , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Yu Qiao , Yiran Zhong

While distributed training significantly speeds up the training process of the deep neural network (DNN), the utilization of the cluster is relatively low due to the time-consuming data synchronizing between workers. To alleviate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Yuhao Zhou , Qing Ye , Hailun Zhang , Jiancheng Lv

With increasing data and model complexities, the time required to train neural networks has become prohibitively large. To address the exponential rise in training time, users are turning to data parallel neural networks (DPNN) to utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Daniel Coquelin , Charlotte Debus , Markus Götz , Fabrice von der Lehr , James Kahn , Martin Siggel , Achim Streit

Pipeline parallelism (PP) has become a standard technique for scaling large language model (LLM) training across multiple devices. However, despite recent progress in reducing memory consumption through activation offloading, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hongpei Li , Han Zhang , Huikang Liu , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the standard numerical method used to solve the core optimization problem for the vast majority of machine learning (ML) algorithms. In the context of large scale learning, as utilized by many Big Data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Janis Keuper , Franz-Josef Pfreundt

Distributed training of foundation models via $\texttt{DDP}$ is limited by interconnect bandwidth. While infrequent communication strategies reduce synchronization frequency, they remain bottlenecked by the memory and communication…

Training large language models is generally done via optimization methods on clusters containing tens of thousands of accelerators, communicating over a high-bandwidth interconnect. Scaling up these clusters is expensive and can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jari Kolehmainen , Nikolay Blagoev , John Donaghy , Oğuzhan Ersoy , Christopher Nies

We present Rhino, a system for accelerating tensor programs with automatic parallelization on AI platform for real production environment. It transforms a tensor program written for a single device into an equivalent distributed program…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Shiwei Zhang , Lansong Diao , Siyu Wang , Zongyan Cao , Yiliang Gu , Chang Si , Ziji Shi , Zhen Zheng , Chuan Wu , Wei Lin

Fine-tuning language models (LMs) has demonstrated success in a wide array of downstream tasks. However, as LMs are scaled up, the memory requirements for backpropagation become prohibitively high. Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization methods can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Tanmay Gautam , Youngsuk Park , Hao Zhou , Parameswaran Raman , Wooseok Ha

Distributed training is the de facto standard to scale up the training of deep learning models with multiple GPUs. Its performance bottleneck lies in communications for gradient synchronization. Although high tensor sparsity is widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhuang Wang , Zhaozhuo Xu , Jingyi Xi , Yuke Wang , Anshumali Shrivastava , T. S. Eugene Ng

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) poses significant memory challenges, as the back-propagation process demands extensive resources, especially with growing model sizes. Recent work, MeZO, addresses this issue using a zeroth-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Huaqin Zhao , Jiaxi Li , Yi Pan , Shizhe Liang , Xiaofeng Yang , Wei Liu , Xiang Li , Fei Dou , Tianming Liu , Jin Lu

Fine-tuning language models (LMs) has yielded success on diverse downstream tasks, but as LMs grow in size, backpropagation requires a prohibitively large amount of memory. Zeroth-order (ZO) methods can in principle estimate gradients using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Sadhika Malladi , Tianyu Gao , Eshaan Nichani , Alex Damian , Jason D. Lee , Danqi Chen , Sanjeev Arora

Large-language-models (LLMs) demonstrate enormous utility in long-context tasks which require processing prompts that consist of tens to hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, existing LLM training libraries do not provide easy to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ahan Gupta , Zhihao Wang , Neel Dani , Masahiro Tanaka , Olatunji Ruwase , Minjia Zhang

The growth of large language models (LLMs) increases challenges of accelerating distributed training across multiple GPUs in different data centers. Moreover, concerns about data privacy and data exhaustion have heightened interest in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenheng Tang , Zichen Tang , Junlin Huang , Xinglin Pan , Rudan Yan , Yuxin Wang , Amelie Chi Zhou , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu , Bo Li

Scaling long-context ability is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs). To amortize the memory consumption across multiple devices in long-context training, inter-data partitioning (a.k.a. Data Parallelism) and intra-data partitioning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hao Ge , Junda Feng , Qi Huang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Lei Zuo , Haibin Lin , Bin Cui , Xin Liu

Deep learning models, despite their impressive achievements, suffer from high computational costs and memory requirements, limiting their usability in resource-constrained environments. Sparse neural networks significantly alleviate these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jie Ji , Gen Li , Kaiyuan Deng , Fatemeh Afghah , Xiaolong Ma

Efficient parallelism is necessary for achieving low-latency, high-throughput inference with large language models (LLMs). Tensor parallelism (TP) is the state-of-the-art method for reducing LLM response latency, however GPU communications…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mert Hidayetoglu , Aurick Qiao , Michael Wyatt , Jeff Rasley , Yuxiong He , Samyam Rajbhandari

As the artificial intelligence community advances into the era of large models with billions of parameters, distributed training and inference have become essential. While various parallelism strategies-data, model, sequence, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Ruifeng She , Bowen Pang , Kai Li , Zehua Liu , Tao Zhong

Pipeline Parallelism (PP) enables large neural network training on small, interconnected devices by splitting the model into multiple stages. To maximize pipeline utilization, asynchronous optimization is appealing as it offers 100%…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan , Sameera Ramasinghe , Yan Zuo , Gil Avraham , Alexander Long

Asynchronous stochastic gradient methods are central to scalable distributed optimization, particularly when devices differ in computational capabilities. Such settings arise naturally in federated learning, where training takes place on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Artavazd Maranjyan , Peter Richtárik