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Feature importance techniques have enjoyed widespread attention in the explainable AI literature as a means of determining how trained machine learning models make their predictions. We consider Shapley value based approaches to feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Mattia Villani , Joshua Lockhart , Daniele Magazzeni

In spite of increased attention on explainable machine learning models, explaining multi-output predictions has not yet been extensively addressed. Methods that use Shapley values to attribute feature contributions to the decision making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Célia Wafa Ayad , Thomas Bonnier , Benjamin Bosch , Jesse Read

Shapelets that discriminate time series using local features (subsequences) are promising for time series clustering. Existing time series clustering methods may fail to capture representative shapelets because they discover shapelets from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Borui Cai , Guangyan Huang , Shuiqiao Yang , Yong Xiang , Chi-Hung Chi

Change-point detection in a time series aims to discover the time points at which some unknown underlying physical process that generates the time-series data has changed. We found that existing approaches become less accurate when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Varsha Suresh , Wei Tsang Ooi

Time series shapelets are discriminative subsequences that have been recently found effective for time series clustering (TSC). The shapelets are convenient for interpreting the clusters. Thus, the main challenge for TSC is to discover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Guozhong Li , Byron Choi , Jianliang Xu , Sourav S Bhowmick , Daphne Ngar-yin Mah , Grace Lai-Hung Wong

Explaining deep learning models operating on time series data is crucial in various applications of interest which require interpretable and transparent insights from time series signals. In this work, we investigate this problem from an…

Time-series forecasts are essential for planning and decision-making in many domains. Explainability is key to building user trust and meeting transparency requirements. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) is a popular explainable AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Matthias Hertel , Sebastian Pütz , Ralf Mikut , Veit Hagenmeyer , Benjamin Schäfer

In recent years, two parallel research trends have emerged in machine learning, yet their intersections remain largely unexplored. On one hand, there has been a significant increase in literature focused on Individual Treatment Effect (ITE)…

Time series modeling has attracted extensive research efforts; however, achieving both reliable efficiency and interpretability from a unified model still remains a challenging problem. Among the literature, shapelets offer interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Ziqiang Cheng , Yang Yang , Wei Wang , Wenjie Hu , Yueting Zhuang , Guojie Song

Shapelets are discriminative subsequences, originally embedded in shapelet-based decision trees but have since been extended to shapelet-based transformations. We propose Castor, a simple, efficient, and accurate time series classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Isak Samsten , Zed Lee

While preference modelling is becoming one of the pillars of machine learning, the problem of preference explanation remains challenging and underexplored. In this paper, we propose \textsc{Pref-SHAP}, a Shapley value-based model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-09 Robert Hu , Siu Lun Chau , Jaime Ferrando Huertas , Dino Sejdinovic

Despite significant progress in intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD), the lack of interpretability remains a critical barrier to practical industrial applications, driving the growth of interpretability research in IFD. Post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Qian Chen , Xingjian Dong , Zhike Peng , Guang Meng

Interpreting time series models is uniquely challenging because it requires identifying both the location of time series signals that drive model predictions and their matching to an interpretable temporal pattern. While explainers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Owen Queen , Thomas Hartvigsen , Teddy Koker , Huan He , Theodoros Tsiligkaridis , Marinka Zitnik

Time series classification is an important task in its own right, and it is often a precursor to further downstream analytics. To date, virtually all works in the literature have used either shape-based classification using a distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Sara Alaee , Alireza Abdoli , Christian Shelton , Amy C. Murillo , Alec C. Gerry , Eamonn Keogh

Time series foundation models have recently gained a lot of attention due to their ability to model complex time series data encompassing different domains including traffic, energy, and weather. Although they exhibit strong average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shivani Tomar , Seshu Tirupathi , Elizabeth Daly , Ivana Dusparic

Deep learning models developed for time-series associated tasks have become more widely researched nowadays. However, due to the unintuitive nature of time-series data, the interpretability problem -- where we understand what is under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ziqi Zhao , Yucheng Shi , Shushan Wu , Fan Yang , Wenzhan Song , Ninghao Liu

Industrial Internet of Things environments increasingly rely on advanced Anomaly Detection and explanation techniques to rapidly detect and mitigate cyberincidents, thereby ensuring operational safety. The sequential nature of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Manuel Franco de la Peña , Ángel Luis Perales Gómez , Lorenzo Fernández Maimó

Foundation models pre-trained on large-scale source datasets are reshaping the traditional training paradigm for time series classification. However, existing time series foundation models primarily focus on forecasting tasks and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhen Liu , Yucheng Wang , Boyuan Li , Junhao Zheng , Emadeldeen Eldele , Min Wu , Qianli Ma

Identifying the extent to which every temporal segment influences a model's predictions is essential for explaining model decisions and increasing transparency. While post-hoc explainable methods based on gradients and feature-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Akash Pandey , Payal Mohapatra , Wei Chen , Qi Zhu , Sinan Keten

Estimating feature importance is a significant aspect of explaining data-based models. Besides explaining the model itself, an equally relevant question is which features are important in the underlying data generating process. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Pål Vegard Johnsen , Inga Strümke , Signe Riemer-Sørensen , Andrew Thomas DeWan , Mette Langaas