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The development and evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has primarily focused on their task-solving capabilities, with recent models even surpassing human performance in some areas. However, this focus often neglects whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yanzhu Guo , Guokan Shang , Chloé Clavel

Extremely low-resource (XLR) languages lack substantial corpora for training NLP models, motivating the use of all available resources such as dictionaries and grammar books. Machine Translation from One Book (Tanzer et al., 2024) suggests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Seth Aycock , David Stap , Di Wu , Christof Monz , Khalil Sima'an

Sentiment analysis in low-resource, culturally nuanced contexts challenges conventional NLP approaches that assume fixed labels and universal affective expressions. We present a diagnostic framework that treats sentiment as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Millicent Ochieng , Anja Thieme , Ignatius Ezeani , Risa Ueno , Samuel Maina , Keshet Ronen , Javier Gonzalez , Jacki O'Neill

Understanding the dynamics of counseling conversations is an important task, yet it is a challenging NLP problem regardless of the recent advance of Transformer-based pre-trained language models. This paper proposes a systematic approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Younghun Lee , Dan Goldwasser , Laura Schwab Reese

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit emerging in-context learning abilities through prompt engineering. The recent progress in large-scale generative models has further expanded their use in real-world language applications. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Linyi Yang , Shuibai Zhang , Zhuohao Yu , Guangsheng Bao , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Ruochen Xu , Wei Ye , Xing Xie , Weizhu Chen , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as highly capable systems and are increasingly being integrated into various uses. However, the rapid pace of their deployment has outpaced a comprehensive understanding of their internal mechanisms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Gabriele Prato , Jerry Huang , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Shagun Sodhani , Sarath Chandar

Assessing the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest, yet the evaluation of multiple models in real-world scenarios remains rare. Multilingual evaluation often relies on translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Varun Gumma , Ananditha Raghunath , Mohit Jain , Sunayana Sitaram

Sentiment analysis has been widely used to understand our views on social and political agendas or user experiences over a product. It is one of the cores and well-researched areas in NLP. However, for low-resource languages, like Bangla,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Md. Arid Hasan , Jannatul Tajrin , Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Firoj Alam

Bangla is the 7th most widely spoken language globally, with a staggering 234 million native speakers primarily hailing from India and Bangladesh. This morphologically rich language boasts a rich literary tradition, encompassing diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Saumajit Saha , Albert Nanda

The intricate relationship between language and culture has long been a subject of exploration within the realm of linguistic anthropology. Large Language Models (LLMs), promoted as repositories of collective human knowledge, raise a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Badr AlKhamissi , Muhammad ElNokrashy , Mai AlKhamissi , Mona Diab

Text classification has been one of the earliest problems in NLP. Over time the scope of application areas has broadened and the difficulty of dealing with new areas (e.g., noisy social media content) has increased. The problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Tanvirul Alam , Akib Khan , Firoj Alam

Large language models (LLMs) are typically multilingual due to pretraining on diverse multilingual corpora. But can these models relate corresponding concepts across languages, i.e., be crosslingual? This study evaluates state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Lynn Chua , Badih Ghazi , Yangsibo Huang , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi , Amer Sinha , Chulin Xie , Chiyuan Zhang

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to diverse cultural values is a challenging task, as existing LLMs often reflect the values of specific groups by default, and potentially causing harm to others. In this paper, we present CLCA, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Chen Cecilia Liu , Anna Korhonen , Iryna Gurevych

Improving cultural competence of language technologies is important. However most recent works rarely engage with the communities they study, and instead rely on synthetic setups and imperfect proxies of culture. In this work, we take a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Shaily Bhatt , Tal August , Maria Antoniak

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to answer everyday questions, yet their performance on culturally grounded and dialectal content remains uneven across languages. We propose a comprehensive method that (i) translates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hunzalah Hassan Bhatti , Firoj Alam

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in general machine translation, yet their ability in culture-aware scenarios remains poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we introduce CanMT, a Culture-Aware Novel-Driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zekun Yuan , Yangfan Ye , Xiaocheng Feng , Baohang Li , Qichen Hong , Yunfei Lu , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

The reliance on translated or adapted datasets from English or multilingual resources introduces challenges regarding linguistic and cultural suitability. This study addresses the need for robust and culturally appropriate benchmarks by…

Large language models (LLMs) excel in high-resource languages but face notable challenges in low-resource languages like Mongolian. This paper addresses these challenges by categorizing capabilities into language abilities (syntax and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Mengyuan Zhang , Ruihui Wang , Bo Xia , Yuan Sun , Xiaobing Zhao

Driven by vast and diverse textual data, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Yet, a critical question persists: does their generalization arise from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Boxiang Ma , Ru Li , Yuanlong Wang , Hongye Tan , Xiaoli Li

This paper investigates the challenges of developing large language models (LLMs) proficient in both multilingual understanding and medical knowledge. We demonstrate that simply translating medical data does not guarantee strong performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Nada Saadi , Tathagata Raha , Clément Christophe , Marco AF Pimentel , Ronnie Rajan , Praveen K Kanithi