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Related papers: On Encoding Matrices using Quantum Circuits

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Matrices with the displacement structures of circulant, Toeplitz, and Hankel types as well as matrices with structures generalizing these types are omnipresent in computations of sciences and engineering. In this paper, we present efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-06 Lin-Chun Wan , Chao-Hua Yu , Shi-Jie Pan , Su-Juan Qin , Fei Gao , Qiao-Yan Wen

We introduce Unitaria, a Python library that brings the simplicity of classical linear algebra toolkits such as NumPy and SciPy to the implementation of quantum algorithms based on block encodings, a general-purpose abstraction in which a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Matthias Deiml , Oliver Hüttenhofer , Ram Mosco , Jakob S. Kottmann , Daniel Peterseim

The theory of quantum algorithms promises unprecedented benefits of harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics for solving certain computational problems. A persistent obstacle to using such algorithms for solving a wide range of real-world…

As quantum computers continue to become more capable, the possibilities of their applications increase. For example, quantum techniques are being integrated with classical neural networks to perform machine learning. In order to be used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-03 Nidhi Munikote

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Effective quantum computation relies upon making good use of the exponential information capacity of a quantum machine. A large barrier to designing quantum algorithms for execution on real quantum machines is that, in general, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Adam Holmes , A. Y. Matsuura

Block-encoding operators are one of the essential components in quantum algorithms based on Quantum Signal Processing. Their gate complexity largely determines the overall gate complexity of the full algorithm. Using variational methods, we…

A matrix can be converted into a doubly stochastic matrix by using two diagonal matrices. And a doubly stochastic matrix can be written as a sum of permutation matrices. In this paper, we describe a method to write a given generic matrix in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Ammar Daskin

Quantum block encoding (QBE) is a crucial step in the development of most quantum algorithms, as it provides an embedding of a given matrix into a suitable larger unitary matrix. Historically, the development of efficient techniques for QBE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Giacomo Antonioli , Paola Boito , Gianna M. Del Corso , Margherita Porcelli

The efficient implementation of matrix arithmetic operations underpins the speedups of many quantum algorithms. We develop a suite of methods to perform matrix arithmetics -- with the result encoded in the off-diagonal blocks of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Christopher Kang , Yuan Su

Many quantum algorithms, such as Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm, depend on oracles that efficiently encode classical data into a quantum state. The encoding of the data can be categorized into two types; analog-encoding where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-10 Kosuke Mitarai , Masahiro Kitagawa , Keisuke Fujii

The matrix functions can be defined by Cauchy's integral formula and can be approximated by the linear combination of inverses of shifted matrices using a quadrature formula. In this paper, we show a concrete construction of a framework to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-17 Souichi Takahira , Asuka Ohashi , Tomohiro Sogabe , Tsuyoshi Sasaki Usuda

Block encoding is a key ingredient in the recently developed quantum singular value transformation (QSVT) framework, which provides a unifying description for many quantum algorithms. Initially introduced to simplify and optimize resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Nhat A. Nghiem , Tzu-Chieh Wei

In this work we study the encoding of smooth, differentiable multivariate functions in quantum registers, using quantum computers or tensor-network representations. We show that a large family of distributions can be encoded as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Juan José García-Ripoll

Classical data encoding is usually treated as a black-box in the oracle-based quantum algorithms. On the other hand, their constructions are crucial for practical algorithm implementations. Here, we open the black-boxes of data encoding and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Xiao Yuan

Recent advancements in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) have garnered significant attention, leading to substantial efforts toward the development of quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms to address a variety of complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen

Block-encoding is a critical subroutine in quantum computing, enabling the transformation of classical data into a matrix representation within a quantum circuit. The resource trade-offs in simulating a block-encoding can be quantified by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Zexian Li , Xiao-Ming Zhang , Chunlin Yang , Guofeng Zhang

Systems of linear equations are used to model a wide array of problems in all fields of science and engineering. Recently, it has been shown that quantum computers could solve linear systems exponentially faster than classical computers,…

Quantum state preparation is a fundamental component of quantum algorithms, particularly in quantum machine learning and data processing, where classical data must be encoded efficiently into quantum states. Existing amplitude encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Carsten Blank , Israel F. Araujo

Image processing is one of the most promising applications for quantum machine learning (QML). Quanvolutional Neural Networks with non-trainable parameters are the preferred solution to run on current and near future quantum devices. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Beatrice Portelli , Giuseppe Serra