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We present a new formulation for Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes in any number of dimensions and at any loop order, based on the same combinatorial and binary-geometric ideas in kinematic space recently used to give an all-order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-02 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Carolina Figueiredo , Song He

In our recent works, a new approach for constructing tree amplitudes, based on exploiting soft behaviors, was proposed. In this paper, we extend this approach to effective theories for gluons which incorporate higher-derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou , Chang Hu

In this paper, we have introduced a fundamentally different approach, based on a bottom-up methodology, to expand tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes into Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes and Bi-adjoint-scalar (BAS) amplitudes. Our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Chang Hu , Kang Zhou

In this work, we prove the new factorization pattern for tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes proposed in a companion paper. This pattern reveals a decomposition of amplitudes into a sum of gluings of lower-point amplitudes under specific…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-11 Yong Zhang

Recently, based on the curve-integral formulation for stringy Tr$\phi^3$ amplitudes, a combinatorial formulation for Yang-Mills amplitudes has been proposed which describes gluons using pairs of scalars and produces the $n$-gluon amplitude…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-19 Jin Dong , Yong-Xiang Su , Dongyu Yang

Recently, by using the known structure of one-loop scattering amplitudes for gluons in Yang-Mills theory, a recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes has been deduced. Here, we give a short and direct proof of this recursion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-07 Ruth Britto , Freddy Cachazo , Bo Feng , Edward Witten

In this note, we study the Hopf-algebra-based (HAB) formula of Yang-Mills-Scalar (YMS) amplitudes, which expands a YMS amplitude with massive scalars as a combination of propagator matrices that mix massless scalars corresponding to gluons…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-26 Jiexi Liu , Yi-Jian Du

We propose a new factorization pattern for tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes, where they decompose into a sum of gluings of two lower-point amplitudes by setting specific two-point non-planar Mandelstam variables within a rectangular…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-02 Alfredo Guevara , Yong Zhang

Using the Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formalism, we prove a recursive expansion of tree level single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) amplitudes with arbitrary number of gluons and gravitons, which is valid for general spacetime dimensions and any…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-22 Fei Teng , Bo Feng

Recently, tree-level recursion relations for scattering amplitudes of gluons in Yang-Mills theory have been derived. In this note we propose a generalization of the recursion relations to tree-level scattering amplitudes of gravitons. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Freddy Cachazo , Peter Svrcek

In this paper, we provide a thorough study on the expansion of single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes into linear combination of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes, from various different perspectives. Using the gauge invariance…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-10 Chih-Hao Fu , Yi-Jian Du , Rijun Huang , Bo Feng

We show that tree-level form factors with length-two operators in Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) theory exhibit structures very similar to scattering amplitudes of gluons and scalars, which leads to new relations between them. Just like…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-01 Jin Dong , Song He , Guanda Lin

We demonstrate that the tree level amplitudes and the explicit formulas of soft factors can be uniquely determined by soft theorems and the universality of soft factors. By imposing the soft theorems and the universality, as well as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou

We propose a new ``universal expansion" for one-loop amplitudes with arbitrary number of gluons in $D$ dimensions, which holds for general gauge theories with gluons/fermions/scalars in the loop, including pure and supersymmetric Yang-Mills…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-30 Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Song He , Fan Zhu

In this paper, we give the general expressions for a special series of tree amplitudes of the Yang-Mills theory. This series of amplitudes have two adjacent massless spin-1 particles with extra-dimensional momenta and any number of positive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-08 Yang An , Yi Li

We present new recursion relations for tree amplitudes in gauge theory that give very compact formulas. Our relations give any tree amplitude as a sum over terms constructed from products of two amplitudes of fewer particles multiplied by a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Ruth Britto , Freddy Cachazo , Bo Feng

Tree level multi-trace Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes have been shown to satisfy a recursive expansion formula, which expresses any YMS amplitude by those with fewer gluons and/or scalar traces. In an earlier work, the single-trace…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Yi-Jian Du , Kang Zhou

We compute the leading-color (planar) three-loop four-point amplitude of N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in 4 - 2 epsilon dimensions, as a Laurent expansion about epsilon = 0 including the finite terms. The amplitude was constructed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Zvi Bern , Lance J. Dixon , Vladimir A. Smirnov

In this note, we use the new bottom up method based on soft theorems to construct the expansion of single-trace Yang-Mills-scalar amplitudes recursively. The resulted expansion manifests the gauge invariance for any polarization carried by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Fang-Stars Wei , Kang Zhou

This thesis aims at providing better understanding of the perturbative expansion of gauge theories with and without supersymmetry. At tree level, the BCFW recursion relations are analyzed with respect to their validity for general off-shell…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-30 Alexander Ochirov
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