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The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

The rapid advancement of large language models has opened new avenues for automating complex problem-solving tasks such as algorithmic coding and competitive programming. This paper introduces a novel evaluation technique, LLM-ProS, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Md Sifat Hossain , Anika Tabassum , Md. Fahim Arefin , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable emergent capabilities, yet the robustness of their numerical reasoning remains an open question. While standard benchmarks evaluate LLM reasoning on complex problem sets using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Roussel Rahman , Aashwin Ananda Mishra

LLM-based agents are assumed to integrate environmental observations into their reasoning: discovering highly relevant but unexpected information should naturally lead to a model exploiting its own discoveries. We show that this assumption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Leon Engländer , Sophia Althammer , Ahmet Üstün , Matthias Gallé , Tom Sherborne

AI programming tools enable powerful code generation, and recent prototypes attempt to reduce user effort with proactive AI agents, but their impact on programming workflows remains unexplored. We introduce and evaluate Codellaborator, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Kevin Pu , Daniel Lazaro , Ian Arawjo , Haijun Xia , Ziang Xiao , Tovi Grossman , Yan Chen

The rapid evolution of agentic AI marks a new phase in artificial intelligence, where Large Language Models (LLMs) no longer merely respond but act, reason, and adapt. This survey traces the paradigm shift in building agentic AI: from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jitao Sang , Jinlin Xiao , Jiarun Han , Jilin Chen , Xiaoyi Chen , Shuyu Wei , Yongjie Sun , Yuhang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

Large language model (LLM) agents on multi-step tasks suffer reasoning degradation, looping, drift, stuck states, at rates up to 30% on hard tasks. Current solutions include hard step limits (abrupt) or LLM-as-judge monitoring (10-15%…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rafflesia Khan , Nafiul Islam Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as automated judges to evaluate text, but their effectiveness can be hindered by various unintentional biases. We propose using linear classifying probes, trained by leveraging differences between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sharan Maiya , Yinhong Liu , Ramit Debnath , Anna Korhonen

LLM agents process trusted instructions, retrieved records, and tool observations through a common generative channel. This conflates data flow with authority: an untrusted string can affect a secret-bearing response or an action proposal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Faruk Alpay , Taylan Alpay

Research demonstrates that the proactivity of in-vehicle conversational assistants (IVCAs) can help to reduce distractions and enhance driving safety, better meeting users' cognitive needs. However, existing IVCAs struggle with user intent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Huifang Du , Xuejing Feng , Jun Ma , Meng Wang , Shiyu Tao , Yijie Zhong , Yuan-Fang Li , Haofen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Multi-agent debates have been introduced to improve the accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) by having multiple agents discuss solutions to a problem over several rounds of debate. However, models often generate incorrect yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Luke Yoffe , Alfonso Amayuelas , William Yang Wang

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

This paper introduces a novel approach to creating adaptive language agents by integrating active inference with large language models (LLMs). While LLMs demonstrate remarkable capabilities, their reliance on static prompts limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Rithvik Prakki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on existing medical question-answering benchmarks. This high performance makes it increasingly difficult to meaningfully evaluate and differentiate advanced methods. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Xiangru Tang , Daniel Shao , Jiwoong Sohn , Jiapeng Chen , Jiayi Zhang , Jinyu Xiang , Fang Wu , Yilun Zhao , Chenglin Wu , Wenqi Shi , Arman Cohan , Mark Gerstein

Proactive interventions by LLM critic models are often assumed to improve reliability, yet their effects at deployment time are poorly understood. We show that a binary LLM critic with strong offline accuracy (AUROC 0.94) can nevertheless…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Rakshith Vasudev , Melisa Russak , Dan Bikel , Waseem Alshikh

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and multimodal foundation models have significantly broadened their application in robotics and collaborative systems. However, effective multi-agent interaction necessitates robust…

LLM-based agents have shown promising capabilities in a growing range of software engineering (SWE) tasks. However, advancing this field faces two critical challenges. First, high-quality training data is scarce, especially data that…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in settings where reliable self-assessment is critical. Assessing model reliability has evolved from using probabilistic correctness estimates to, more recently, eliciting verbalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sree Bhattacharyya , Samarth Khanna , Leona Chen , Lucas Craig , Tharun Dilliraj , James Z. Wang
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