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Transformers have become increasingly popular in offline reinforcement learning (RL) due to their ability to treat agent trajectories as sequences, reframing policy learning as a sequence modeling task. However, in partially observable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Egor Cherepanov , Alexey Staroverov , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Large Language Model (LLM) agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) show great promise for solving complex, multi-step tasks. However, their performance is often crippled by "Context Explosion", where the accumulation of long text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xuanzhang Liu , Jianglun Feng , Zhuoran Zhuang , Junzhe Zhao , Maofei Que , Jieting Li , Dianlei Wang , Hao Tong , Ye Chen , Pan Li

The hallmark of human intelligence is the self-evolving ability to master new skills by learning from past experiences. However, current AI agents struggle to emulate this self-evolution: fine-tuning is computationally expensive and prone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Shengtao Zhang , Jiaqian Wang , Ruiwen Zhou , Junwei Liao , Yuchen Feng , Zhuo Li , Yujie Zheng , Weinan Zhang , Ying Wen , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Yutao Qi , Bo Tang , Muning Wen

Large language model (LLM) agents require long-term user memory for consistent personalization, but limited context windows hinder tracking evolving preferences over long interactions. Existing memory systems mainly rely on static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Derong Xu , Shuochen Liu , Pengfei Luo , Pengyue Jia , Yingyi Zhang , Yi Wen , Yimin Deng , Wenlin Zhang , Enhong Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Tong Xu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong zero-shot reasoning capabilities, their deployment as embodied agents still faces fundamental challenges in long-horizon planning. Unlike open-ended text generation, embodied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiang Li , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

Memory agents, which depart from predefined memory-processing pipelines by endogenously managing the processing, storage, and retrieval of memories, have garnered increasing attention for their autonomy and adaptability. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yanwei Yue , Boci Peng , Xuanbo Fan , Jiaxin Guo , Qiankun Li , Yan Zhang

In recent years deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems have attained superhuman performance in a number of challenging task domains. However, a major limitation of such applications is their demand for massive amounts of training data. A…

Recent works have shown the remarkable superiority of transformer models in reinforcement learning (RL), where the decision-making problem is formulated as sequential generation. Transformer-based agents could emerge with self-improvement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sili Huang , Jifeng Hu , Zhejian Yang , Liwei Yang , Tao Luo , Hechang Chen , Lichao Sun , Bo Yang

Transformers achieve state-of-the-art performance for natural language processing tasks by pre-training on large-scale text corpora. They are extremely compute-intensive and have very high sample complexity. Memory replay is a mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Rui Liu , Barzan Mozafari

Language models (LMs) and their extension, vision-language models (VLMs), have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they still struggle with complex reasoning tasks that require multimodal or multilingual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wenyi Wu , Zixuan Song , Kun Zhou , Yifei Shao , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

Pre-trained and frozen large language models (LLMs) can effectively map simple scene rearrangement instructions to programs over a robot's visuomotor functions through appropriate few-shot example prompting. To parse open-domain natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Gabriel Sarch , Yue Wu , Michael J. Tarr , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Sample efficiency has been a key issue in reinforcement learning (RL). An efficient agent must be able to leverage its prior experiences to quickly adapt to similar, but new tasks and situations. Meta-RL is one attempt at formalizing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Seyed Roozbeh Razavi Rohani , Saeed Hedayatian , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Learning effective representations in image-based environments is crucial for sample efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL). Unfortunately, in RL, representation learning is confounded with the exploratory experience of the agent -- learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Denis Yarats , Rob Fergus , Alessandro Lazaric , Lerrel Pinto

Effective decision making involves flexibly relating past experiences and relevant contextual information to a novel situation. In deep reinforcement learning (RL), the dominant paradigm is for an agent to amortise information that helps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Peter C. Humphreys , Arthur Guez , Olivier Tieleman , Laurent Sifre , Théophane Weber , Timothy Lillicrap

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an appealing paradigm for training intelligent agents, enabling policy acquisition from the agent's own autonomously acquired experience. However, the training process of RL is far from automatic, requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zhao Yang , Thomas M. Moerland , Mike Preuss , Aske Plaat , Edward S. Hu

As embodied agents operate in increasingly complex environments, the ability to perceive, track, and reason about individual object instances over time becomes essential, especially in tasks requiring sequenced interactions with visually…

Inspired by the recent success of sequence modeling in RL and the use of masked language model for pre-training, we propose a masked model for pre-training in RL, RePreM (Representation Pre-training with Masked Model), which trains the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Yuanying Cai , Chuheng Zhang , Wei Shen , Xuyun Zhang , Wenjie Ruan , Longbo Huang

Reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success in robot learning. However, under challenging exploration and contact-rich dynamics, early-stage training is frequently dominated by premature terminations such as collisions and falls.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chenyang Miao

Recent advances in video diffusion models have unlocked new potential for realistic audio-driven talking video generation. However, achieving seamless audio-lip synchronization, maintaining long-term identity consistency, and producing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Longtao Zheng , Yifan Zhang , Hanzhong Guo , Jiachun Pan , Zhenxiong Tan , Jiahao Lu , Chuanxin Tang , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are the primary medium for human-computer interaction, yet automating GUI interactions remains challenging due to the complexity of visual elements, dynamic environments, and the need for multi-step…