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Autonomous AI is no longer a hard-to-reach concept, it enables the agents to move beyond executing tasks to independently addressing complex problems, adapting to change while handling the uncertainty of the environment. However, what makes…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-12 Zinan Liu , Haoran Li , Jingyi Lu , Gaoyuan Ma , Xu Hong , Giovanni Iacca , Arvind Kumar , Shaojun Tang , Lin Wang

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

For the past decade, the trajectory of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has been dominated by a model-centric paradigm driven by scaling laws. Despite significant leaps in visual fidelity, this approach has encountered a ``usability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiaheng Liu , Yuanxing Zhang , Shihao Li , Xinping Lei

Software systems have traditionally been designed for human interaction, emphasizing graphical user interfaces, usability, and cognitive alignment with end users. However, recent advances in large language model (LLM)-based agents are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shaolin Wang , Yi Mei , Haoyang Che , He Jiang , Shui Yu , Ying Gu

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems rapidly gain autonomy, the need for robust responsible AI frameworks becomes paramount. This paper investigates how organizations perceive and adapt such frameworks amidst the emerging landscape of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Lee Ackerman

Recent advances in agentic AI have shifted the focus from standalone Large Language Models (LLMs) to integrated systems that combine LLMs with tools, memory, and other agents to perform complex tasks. These multi-agent architectures enable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sreemaee Akshathala , Bassam Adnan , Mahisha Ramesh , Karthik Vaidhyanathan , Basil Muhammed , Kannan Parthasarathy

As AI becomes more "agentic," it faces technical and socio-legal issues it must address if it is to fulfill its promise of increased economic productivity and efficiency. This paper uses technical and legal perspectives to explain how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Mark O. Riedl , Deven R. Desai

Visual reasoning -- the ability to interpret the visual world -- is crucial for embodied agents that operate within three-dimensional scenes. Progress in AI has led to vision and language models capable of answering questions from images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Damiano Marsili , Rohun Agrawal , Yisong Yue , Georgia Gkioxari

The emergence of large language models has catalyzed two distinct yet interconnected paradigms in artificial intelligence: standalone AI Agents and collaborative Agentic AI ecosystems. This comprehensive study establishes a definitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Prashik Buddhaghosh Bansod

Agentic AI increasingly intervenes proactively by inferring users' situations from contextual data yet often fails for lack of principled judgment about when, why, and whether to act. We address this gap by proposing a conceptual model that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Soyoung Jung , Daehoo Yoon , Sung Gyu Koh , Young Hwan Kim , Yehan Ahn , Sung Park

Significant digitalization of financial services in a short period of time has led to an urgent demand to have autonomous, transparent and real-time credit risk decision making systems. The traditional machine learning models are effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Chandra Sekhar Kubam

The future of software engineering--SE 3.0--is unfolding with the rise of AI teammates: autonomous, goal-driven systems collaborating with human developers. Among these, autonomous coding agents are especially transformative, now actively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hao Li , Haoxiang Zhang , Ahmed E. Hassan

Foundation models have reshaped AI by unifying fragmented architectures into scalable backbones with multimodal reasoning and contextual adaptation. In parallel, the long-standing notion of AI agents, defined by the sensing-decision-action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Sicong Liu , Weiye Wu , Xiangrui Xu , Teng Li , Bowen Pang , Bin Guo , Zhiwen Yu

Cybersecurity is being fundamentally reshaped by foundation-model-based artificial intelligence. Large language models now enable autonomous planning, tool orchestration, and strategic adaptation at scale, challenging security architectures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tao Li , Quanyan Zhu

In light of the recent convergence between Agentic AI and our field of Algorithmization, this paper seeks to restore conceptual clarity and provide a structured analytical framework for an increasingly fragmented discourse. First, (a) it…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-26 Sergio Alvarez-Telena , Marta Diez-Fernandez

Recent visual generation models have made major progress in photorealism, typography, instruction following, and interactive editing, yet they still struggle with spatial reasoning, persistent state, long-horizon consistency, and causal…

AI is moving from domain-specific autonomy in closed, predictable settings to large-language-model-driven agents that plan and act in open, cross-organizational environments. As a result, the cybersecurity risk landscape is changing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Alsharif Abuadbba , Nazatul Sultan , Surya Nepal , Sanjay Jha

Research and practice in Intelligent Design (ID) have significantly enhanced engineering innovation, efficiency, quality, and productivity over recent decades, fundamentally reshaping how engineering designers think, behave, and interact…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shuo Jiang , Min Xie , Frank Youhua Chen , Jian Ma , Jianxi Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown surprising proficiency in generating code snippets, promising to automate large parts of software engineering via artificial intelligence (AI). We argue that successfully deploying AI software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Abhik Roychoudhury , Corina Pasareanu , Michael Pradel , Baishakhi Ray

The rapid advancement of Generative AI has catalyzed the emergence of autonomous AI agents, presenting unprecedented challenges for enterprise computing infrastructures. Current enterprise API architectures are predominantly designed for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Vaibhav Tupe , Shrinath Thube