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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott

We develop asymptotic theory for principal component analysis (PCA) of a high-dimensional factor model in which the working dimension $R$ is fixed and only required to satisfy $R \ge r$, where $r$ is the true number of factors. Building on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Yuan Liao , Xin Tong , Wanjie Wang , Dacheng Xiu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction techniques in statistics and is especially powerful when a multivariate distribution is concentrated near a lower-dimensional subspace. Multivariate extreme…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Felix Reinbott , Anja Janßen

This paper proposes a probabilistic model of subspaces based on the probabilistic principal component analysis (PCA). Given a sample of vectors in the embedding space -- commonly known as a snapshot matrix -- this method uses quantities…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Akash Yadav , Ruda Zhang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an efficient tool to optimize the multiparameter tests of general relativity (GR) where one tests for simultaneous deviations in multiple post-Newtonian (PN) phasing coefficients by introducing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-17 Sayantani Datta , M. Saleem , K. G. Arun , B. S. Sathyaprakash

We study the Order-$k$ ($k \geq 4$) spiked tensor model for the tensor principal component analysis (PCA) problem: given $N$ i.i.d. observations of a $k$-th order tensor generated from the model $\mathbf{T} = \lambda \cdot v_*^{\otimes k} +…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Shihong Ding , Yihong Gu , Yuanshi Liu , Cong Fang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension reduction technique for vector data. Factored PCA (FPCA) is a probabilistic extension of PCA for matrix data, which can substantially reduce the number of parameters in PCA while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Xuan Ma , Jianhua Zhao , Yue Wang

We consider the problem of extracting a common structure from multiple tensor datasets. For this purpose, we propose multilinear common component analysis (MCCA) based on Kronecker products of mode-wise covariance matrices. MCCA constructs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-23 Kohei Yoshikawa , Shuichi Kawano

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the most widely used tool for linear dimensionality reduction and clustering. Still it is highly sensitive to outliers and does not scale well with respect to the number of data samples. Robust PCA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-24 Nauman Shahid , Vassilis Kalofolias , Xavier Bresson , Michael Bronstein , Pierre Vandergheynst

We consider the problem of learning a linear factor model. We propose a regularized form of principal component analysis (PCA) and demonstrate through experiments with synthetic and real data the superiority of resulting estimates to those…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-31 Yi-Hao Kao , Benjamin Van Roy

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used statistical methods for data exploration, and for dimensionality reduction wherein the first few principal components account for an appreciable proportion of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-11 Caren Marzban , Ulvi Yurtsever , Michael Richman

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

The probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) is built upon a global linear mapping, with which it is insufficient to model complex data variation. This paper proposes a mixture of bilateral-projection probabilistic principal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Fujiao Ju , Yanfeng Sun , Junbin Gao , Simeng Liu , Yongli Hu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical dimension reduction method which projects data onto the principal subspace spanned by the leading eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. However, it behaves poorly when the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-27 Zongming Ma

We develop a new principal components analysis (PCA) type dimension reduction method for binary data. Different from the standard PCA which is defined on the observed data, the proposed PCA is defined on the logit transform of the success…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-17 Seokho Lee , Jianhua Z. Huang , Jianhua Hu

In this paper, we consider the statistical inference for several low-rank tensor models. Specifically, in the Tucker low-rank tensor PCA or regression model, provided with any estimates achieving some attainable error rate, we develop the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-01 Dong Xia , Anru R. Zhang , Yuchen Zhou

Tensor Robust Principal Component Analysis (TRPCA) is a fundamental technique for decomposing multi-dimensional data into a low-rank tensor and an outlier tensor, yet existing methods relying on sparse outlier assumptions often fail under…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Yangyang Xu , Kexin Li , Li Yang , You-Wei Wen

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a key tool in the field of data dimensionality reduction that is useful for various data science problems. However, many applications involve heterogeneous data that varies in quality due to noise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-14 Javier Salazar Cavazos , Jeffrey A. Fessler , Laura Balzano

We consider the 2-Wasserstein space of probability measures supported on the unit-circle, and propose a framework for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for data living in such a space. We build on a detailed investigation of the optimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-06 Mario Beraha , Matteo Pegoraro

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a longstanding and well-studied approach for dimension reduction. It rests upon the assumption that the underlying signal in the data has low rank, and thus can be well-summarized using a small number…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-14 Ronan Perry , Snigdha Panigrahi , Jacob Bien , Daniela Witten
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