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The integration of biomolecular modeling with natural language (BL) has emerged as a promising interdisciplinary area at the intersection of artificial intelligence, chemistry and biology. This approach leverages the rich, multifaceted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Qizhi Pei , Zhimeng Zhou , Kaiyuan Gao , Jinhua Zhu , Yue Wang , Zun Wang , Tao Qin , Lijun Wu , Rui Yan

The remarkable success of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse tasks has driven the research community to extend their capabilities to molecular applications. However, most molecular LLMs employ adapter-based architectures that do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Shuhan Guo , Yatao Bian , Ruibing Wang , Nan Yin , Zhen Wang , Quanming Yao

In the real world, a molecule is a 3D geometric structure. Compared to 1D SMILES sequences and 2D molecular graphs, 3D molecules represent the most informative molecular modality. Despite the rapid progress of autoregressive-based language…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lei Jiang , Shuzhou Sun , Biqing Qi , Yuchen Fu , Xiaohua Xu , Yuqiang Li , Dongzhan Zhou , Tianfan Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) stand at the forefront of a number of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite the widespread adoption of LLMs in NLP, much of their potential in broader fields remains largely unexplored, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Zhiqiang Zhong , Kuangyu Zhou , Davide Mottin

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in natural language processing (NLP) and various interdisciplinary areas. However, applying LLMs to chemistry is a complex task that requires specialized domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Chang Liao , Yemin Yu , Yu Mei , Ying Wei

Scientific databases aggregate vast amounts of quantitative data alongside descriptive text. In biochemistry, molecule screening assays evaluate candidate molecules' functional responses against disease targets. Unstructured text that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yifan Deng , Spencer S. Ericksen , Anthony Gitter

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their instruction-following capabilities and achieved powerful performance on various tasks. Inspired by their success, recent works in the molecular domain have led to the development of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jinyoung Park , Minseong Bae , Jeehye Na , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Molecular relational learning (MRL) is crucial for understanding the interaction behaviors between molecular pairs, a critical aspect of drug discovery and development. However, the large feasible model space of MRL poses significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sizhe Liu , Jun Xia , Lecheng Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Yue Liu , Wenjie Du , Zhangyang Gao , Bozhen Hu , Cheng Tan , Hongxin Xiang , Stan Z. Li

Although artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress in understanding molecules in a wide range of fields, existing models generally acquire the single cognitive ability from the single molecular modality. Since the hierarchy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Bing Su , Dazhao Du , Zhao Yang , Yujie Zhou , Jiangmeng Li , Anyi Rao , Hao Sun , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

With the widespread application of multimodal large language models in scientific intelligence, there is an urgent need for more challenging evaluation benchmarks to assess their ability to understand complex scientific data. Scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yitong Zhou , Mingyue Cheng , Qingyang Mao , Yucong Luo , Qi Liu , Yupeng Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Deguang Liu , Xin Li , Enhong Chen

Molecular optimization is a key challenge in drug discovery and material science domain, involving the design of molecules with desired properties. Existing methods focus predominantly on single-property optimization, necessitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Jay Chaudhary , Ji Wei Yoon , Senthilnath Jayavelu

There is vivid research on adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of understanding of the extent and contributing factors that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Anand Subramanian , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Vijay Prakash Dwivedi , Stefan Winkler

Molecular machine learning has been maturing rapidly over the last few years. Improved methods and the presence of larger datasets have enabled machine learning algorithms to make increasingly accurate predictions about molecular…

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has revolutionized image understanding by bridging textual and visual modalities. However, these models often struggle with capturing fine-grained semantic information, such as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jie Yang , Wang Zeng , Sheng Jin , Lumin Xu , Wentao Liu , Chen Qian , Zhen Li , Ruimao Zhang

The modeling of bio-molecular system across molecular scales remains a central challenge in scientific research. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to bio-molecular discovery, yet systematic evaluation across multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yaxin Xu , Yue Zhou , Tianyu Zhao , Fengwei An , Zhixiang Ren

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated broad utility across molecular domains, spanning drug discovery and materials design. Analyzing LLMs' latent representations is crucial for elucidating their underlying mechanisms, improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhuoran Li , Xu Sun , Wanyu Lin , Jiannong Cao

The recent advances in neural language models have also been successfully applied to the field of chemistry, offering generative solutions for classical problems in molecular design and synthesis planning. These new methods have the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Dimitrios Christofidellis , Giorgio Giannone , Jannis Born , Ole Winther , Teodoro Laino , Matteo Manica

Large language models applied to vast biological datasets have the potential to transform biology by uncovering disease mechanisms and accelerating drug development. However, current models are often siloed, trained separately on…

Molecule design is a multifaceted approach that leverages computational methods and experiments to optimize molecular properties, fast-tracking new drug discoveries, innovative material development, and more efficient chemical processes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Venkataramana Runkana