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Large Language Models (LLMs), despite extensive pretraining on broad internet corpora, often struggle to adapt effectively to specialized domains. There is growing interest in fine-tuning these models for such domains; however, progress is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Vincent Grari , Ciprian Tomoiaga , Sylvain Lamprier , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Marcin Detyniecki

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance on a wide variety of tasks, but they often struggle with tasks that require multi-step reasoning or goal-directed planning. Both cognitive neuroscience and reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Taylor Webb , Shanka Subhra Mondal , Ida Momennejad

Large Language Models (LLMs) can be fine-tuned on domain-specific data to enhance their performance in specialized fields. However, such data often contains numerous low-quality samples, necessitating effective data processing (DP). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Wei Huang , Anda Cheng , Yinggui Wang , Lei Wang , Tao Wei

Web browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous potential in automating complex web-based tasks. Existing approaches typically rely on large LLMs (e.g., GPT-4o) to explore web environments and generate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Ruichen Zhang , Mufan Qiu , Zhen Tan , Mohan Zhang , Vincent Lu , Jie Peng , Kaidi Xu , Leandro Z. Agudelo , Peter Qian , Tianlong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for mathematics education, yet they often struggle with complex mathematical reasoning. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by grounding LLMs in external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shiting Chen , Zijian Zhao , Jinsong Chen

Agentic systems are becoming more capable: agents define strategies, take actions, and interact with different environments. This autonomy poses serious challenges for overseeing and assessing agent behavior. Most current tools are limited,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved high accuracy on complex commonsense and mathematical problems that involve the composition of multiple reasoning steps. However, current compositional benchmarks testing these skills tend to focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lisa Alazraki , Lihu Chen , Ana Brassard , Joe Stacey , Hossein A. Rahmani , Marek Rei

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited great potential in mathematical reasoning. However, there remains a performance gap in this area between existing open-source models and closed-source models such as GPT-4. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zimu Lu , Aojun Zhou , Houxing Ren , Ke Wang , Weikang Shi , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

How should an agent decide when and how to plan? A dominant approach builds agents as reactive policies with adaptive computation (e.g., chain-of-thought), trained end-to-end expecting planning to emerge implicitly. Without control over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mingkai Deng , Jinyu Hou , Lara Sá Neves , Varad Pimpalkhute , Taylor W. Killian , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing

With the increasing demand for step-wise, cross-modal, and knowledge-grounded reasoning, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are evolving beyond the traditional fixed retrieve-then-generate paradigm toward more sophisticated agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuying Ning , Dongqi Fu , Tianxin Wei , Mengting Ai , Jiaru Zou , Ting-Wei Li , Hanghang Tong , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Jingrui He

Understanding data visualizations like charts and plots requires reasoning about both visual elements and numerics. Although strong in extractive questions, current chart visual question answering (chart VQA) models suffer on complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhuowan Li , Bhavan Jasani , Peng Tang , Shabnam Ghadar

With the introduction of large language models (LLMs), automatic math reasoning has seen tremendous success. However, current methods primarily focus on providing solutions or using techniques like Chain-of-Thought to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yuyang Ding , Hanglei Hu , Jie Zhou , Qin Chen , Bo Jiang , Liang He

Agentic reinforcement learning has advanced large language models (LLMs) to reason through long chain-of-thought trajectories while interleaving external tool use. Existing approaches assume a fixed inventory of tools, limiting LLM agents'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jiaru Zou , Ling Yang , Yunzhe Qi , Sirui Chen , Mengting Ai , Ke Shen , Jingrui He , Mengdi Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses with retrieved information. As an emerging paradigm, Agentic RAG further enhances this process by introducing autonomous LLM agents into the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yunjia Xi , Jianghao Lin , Menghui Zhu , Yongzhao Xiao , Zhuoying Ou , Jiaqi Liu , Tong Wan , Bo Chen , Weiwen Liu , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Current LLM training positions mathematical reasoning as a core capability. With publicly available sources fully tapped, there is unmet demand for diverse and challenging math questions. Relying solely on human experts is both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Vedant Shah , Dingli Yu , Kaifeng Lyu , Simon Park , Jiatong Yu , Yinghui He , Nan Rosemary Ke , Michael Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Sanjeev Arora , Anirudh Goyal

As large language models (LLMs) are applied to more use cases, creating high quality, task-specific datasets for fine-tuning becomes a bottleneck for model improvement. Using high quality human data has been the most common approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yung-Chieh Chan , George Pu , Apaar Shanker , Parth Suresh , Penn Jenks , John Heyer , Sam Denton

Training models on synthetic data has emerged as an increasingly important strategy for improving the performance of generative AI. This approach is particularly helpful for large multimodal models (LMMs) due to the relative scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Gabriela Ben Melech Stan , Estelle Aflalo , Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Agentic task-solving with Large Language Models (LLMs) requires multi-turn, multi-step interactions, often involving complex function calls and dynamic user-agent exchanges. Existing simulation-based data generation methods for such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xingshan Zeng , Weiwen Liu , Lingzhi Wang , Liangyou Li , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but remain computationally expensive, limiting their practical deployment. To address this, recent works have focused on distilling reasoning capabilities into smaller language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Minki Kang , Jongwon Jeong , Seanie Lee , Jaewoong Cho , Sung Ju Hwang

The advancement in generative AI could be boosted with more accessible mathematics. Beyond human-AI chat, large language models (LLMs) are emerging in programming, algorithm discovery, and theorem proving, yet their genomics application is…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-07 Melanie Swan , Takashi Kido , Eric Roland , Renato P. dos Santos