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Evaluating the performance of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), integrating both point cloud and language, presents significant challenges. The lack of a comprehensive assessment hampers determining whether these models truly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Junjie Zhang , Tianci Hu , Xiaoshui Huang , Yongshun Gong , Dan Zeng

We introduce C3LLM (Conditioned-on-Three-Modalities Large Language Models), a novel framework combining three tasks of video-to-audio, audio-to-text, and text-to-audio together. C3LLM adapts the Large Language Model (LLM) structure as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zixuan Wang , Qinkai Duan , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code understanding and generation. However, their effectiveness on non-code Software Engineering (SE) tasks remains underexplored. We present 'Software Engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fabian C. Peña , Steffen Herbold

Multimodal reasoning, which integrates language and visual cues into problem solving and decision making, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and a crucial step toward artificial general intelligence. However, the evaluation of…

Recent advancements in reasoning-reinforced Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, the mechanism underlying their utilization of different human reasoning skills remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is a task aiming to extract high-level semantics from spoken utterances. Previous works have investigated the use of speech self-supervised models and textual pre-trained models, which have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Jiatong Shi , Chan-Jan Hsu , Holam Chung , Dongji Gao , Paola Garcia , Shinji Watanabe , Ann Lee , Hung-yi Lee

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet their performance in open aerial environments remains underexplored. In this work, we present Open3D-VQA, a novel benchmark for evaluating MLLMs'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Weichen Zhang , Zile Zhou , Xin Zeng , Xuchen Liu , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Xiao-Ping Zhang

This paper explores the potential of constructing an AI spoken dialogue system that "thinks how to respond" and "thinks how to speak" simultaneously, which more closely aligns with the human speech production process compared to the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Xinyu Zhou , Delong Chen , Yudong Chen

Recent advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs) have shown impressive capabilities in understanding and reasoning about audio and speech information. However, these models still face challenges, including hallucinating…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Chun-Yi Kuan , Hung-yi Lee

Strong Artificial Intelligence (Strong AI) or Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) with abstract reasoning ability is the goal of next-generation AI. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), along with the emerging field of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Yiqi Wang , Wentao Chen , Xiaotian Han , Xudong Lin , Haiteng Zhao , Yongfei Liu , Bohan Zhai , Jianbo Yuan , Quanzeng You , Hongxia Yang

The recent surge in open-source Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) frameworks, such as LLaVA, provides a convenient kickoff for artificial intelligence developers and researchers. However, most of the MLLM frameworks take vision as the…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) plays a crucial role in speech-centric multimedia applications, enabling machines to comprehend spoken language in scenarios such as meetings, interviews, and customer service interactions. SLU…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Zhichao Sheng , Shilin Zhou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Recent large language models (LLMs) have advanced table understanding capabilities but rely on converting tables into text sequences. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable direct visual processing, they face limitations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Bohao Yang , Yingji Zhang , Dong Liu , André Freitas , Chenghua Lin

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) incorporate heterogeneous modalities into LLMs, enabling a comprehensive understanding of diverse scenarios and objects. Despite the proliferation of evaluation benchmarks and leaderboards for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yichi Zhang , Zhuo Chen , Lingbing Guo , Yajing Xu , Min Zhang , Wen Zhang , Huajun Chen

With the rapid progress of artificial intelligence (AI) in multi-modal understanding, there is increasing potential for video comprehension technologies to support professional domains such as medical education. However, existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shenxi Liu , Kan Li , Mingyang Zhao , Yuhang Tian , Bin Li , Shoujun Zhou , Hongliang Li , Fuxia Yang

Recent progress in the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has empowered them to address more complex tasks such as scientific analysis and mathematical reasoning. Despite their promise, MLLMs' reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiachun Li , Shaoping Huang , Zhuoran Jin , Chenlong Zhang , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Language models have made remarkable advancements in understanding and generating human language, achieving notable success across a wide array of applications. However, evaluating these models remains a significant challenge, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 M. Ali Bayram , Ali Arda Fincan , Ahmet Semih Gümüş , Banu Diri , Savaş Yıldırım , Öner Aytaş

For human cognitive process, spatial reasoning and perception are closely entangled, yet the nature of this interplay remains underexplored in the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent MLLM advancements show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Huanyu Zhang , Qingtao Li , Zeyu Gao , Yan Xia , José Hernández-Orallo , Ivan Vulić , Furu Wei

The development of open-source, multilingual medical language models can benefit a wide, linguistically diverse audience from different regions. To promote this domain, we present contributions from the following: First, we construct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Xiaoman Zhang , Weixiong Lin , Haicheng Wang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie