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To bridge the gap between supervised semantic segmentation and real-world applications that acquires one model to recognize arbitrary new concepts, recent zero-shot segmentation attracts a lot of attention by exploring the relationships…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Quande Liu , Youpeng Wen , Jianhua Han , Chunjing Xu , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

Recently, the contrastive language-image pre-training, e.g., CLIP, has demonstrated promising results on various downstream tasks. The pre-trained model can capture enriched visual concepts for images by learning from a large scale of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Huaishao Luo , Junwei Bao , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He , Tianrui Li

While Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has advanced open-vocabulary predictions, its performance on semantic segmentation remains suboptimal. This shortfall primarily stems from its spatial-invariant semantic features and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yuheng Shi , Minjing Dong , Chang Xu

Existing open-vocabulary object detectors typically enlarge their vocabulary sizes by leveraging different forms of weak supervision. This helps generalize to novel objects at inference. Two popular forms of weak-supervision used in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Hanoona Rasheed , Muhammad Maaz , Muhammad Uzair Khattak , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Semantic segmentation is a crucial task in computer vision that involves segmenting images into semantically meaningful regions at the pixel level. However, existing approaches often rely on expensive human annotations as supervision for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Jun Chen , Deyao Zhu , Guocheng Qian , Bernard Ghanem , Zhicheng Yan , Chenchen Zhu , Fanyi Xiao , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Sean Chang Culatana

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) extends traditional closed-set segmentation by enabling pixel-wise annotation for both seen and unseen categories using arbitrary textual descriptions. While existing methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junyang Chen , Xiangbo Lv , Zhiqiang Kou , Xingdong Sheng , Ning Xu , Yiguo Qiao

In this paper, we consider the problem of open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS), which aims to segment objects of arbitrary classes instead of pre-defined, closed-set categories. The main contributions are as follows: First, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jilan Xu , Junlin Hou , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Yi Wang , Yu Qiao , Weidi Xie

This paper studies open-vocabulary segmentation (OVS) through calibrating in-vocabulary and domain-biased embedding space with generalized contextual prior of CLIP. As the core of open-vocabulary understanding, alignment of visual content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yong Liu , Sule Bai , Guanbin Li , Yitong Wang , Yansong Tang

Recently, the emergence of the large-scale vision-language model (VLM), such as CLIP, has opened the way towards open-world object perception. Many works have explored the utilization of pre-trained VLM for the challenging open-vocabulary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Youwei Pang , Xiaoqi Zhao , Jiaming Zuo , Lihe Zhang , Huchuan Lu

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) employs pixel-level vision-language alignment to associate category-related prompts with corresponding pixels. A key challenge is enhancing the multimodal dense prediction capability,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Jiahao Li , Yang Lu , Yachao Zhang , Yong Xie , Fangyong Wang , Yuan Xie , Yanyun Qu

This paper presents a new method for the zero-shot open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) of 3D automotive lidar data. To circumvent the recognized image-text modality gap that is intrinsic to approaches based on Vision Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Nermin Samet , Gilles Puy , Renaud Marlet

Training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation(TF-OVSS) has recently attracted attention for its ability to perform dense prediction by leveraging the pretrained knowledge of large vision and vision-language models, without requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Seungjae Moon , Seunghyun Oh , Youngmin Ro

Zero-shot classification capabilities naturally arise in models trained within a vision-language contrastive framework. Despite their classification prowess, these models struggle in dense tasks like zero-shot open-vocabulary segmentation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Thomas Stegmüller , Tim Lebailly , Nikola Dukic , Behzad Bozorgtabar , Tinne Tuytelaars , Jean-Philippe Thiran

Existing open-vocabulary object detection (OVD) develops methods for testing unseen categories by aligning object region embeddings with corresponding VLM features. A recent study leverages the idea that VLMs implicitly learn compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hojun Choi , Junsuk Choe , Hyunjung Shim

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation is a challenging task, which requires the model to output semantic masks of an image beyond a close-set vocabulary. Although many efforts have been made to utilize powerful CLIP models to accomplish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Xiangheng Shan , Dongyue Wu , Guilin Zhu , Yuanjie Shao , Nong Sang , Changxin Gao

Open-vocabulary image segmentation is attracting increasing attention due to its critical applications in the real world. Traditional closed-vocabulary segmentation methods are not able to characterize novel objects, whereas several recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Xi Chen , Shuang Li , Ser-Nam Lim , Antonio Torralba , Hengshuang Zhao

Recent works modify CLIP to perform open-vocabulary semantic segmentation in a training-free manner (TF-OVSS). In vanilla CLIP, patch-wise image representations mainly encode homogeneous image-level properties, which hinders the application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingyun Wang , Cilin Yan , Guoliang Kang

It is widely agreed that open-vocabulary-based approaches outperform classical closed-set training solutions for recognizing unseen objects in images for semantic segmentation. Existing open-vocabulary approaches leverage vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Huadong Tang , Youpeng Zhao , Yan Huang , Min Xu , Jun Wang , Qiang Wu

Training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS) aims to segment images given a set of arbitrary textual categories without costly model fine-tuning. Existing solutions often explore attention mechanisms of pre-trained models, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Xiwei Xuan , Ziquan Deng , Kwan-Liu Ma

Existing open-vocabulary image segmentation methods require a fine-tuning step on mask labels and/or image-text datasets. Mask labels are labor-intensive, which limits the number of categories in segmentation datasets. Consequently, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Shuyang Sun , Runjia Li , Philip Torr , Xiuye Gu , Siyang Li