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Natural language processing (NLP) models often replicate or amplify social bias from training data, raising concerns about fairness. At the same time, their black-box nature makes it difficult for users to recognize biased predictions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yifan Wang , Mayank Jobanputra , Ji-Ung Lee , Soyoung Oh , Isabel Valera , Vera Demberg

To recognize and mitigate harms from large language models (LLMs), we need to understand the prevalence and nuances of stereotypes in LLM outputs. Toward this end, we present Marked Personas, a prompt-based method to measure stereotypes in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Myra Cheng , Esin Durmus , Dan Jurafsky

Empathy plays a pivotal role in fostering prosocial behavior, often triggered by the sharing of personal experiences through narratives. However, modeling empathy using NLP approaches remains challenging due to its deep interconnection with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Muhammad Arslan Manzoor , Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Preslav Nakov

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making, yet their susceptibility to cognitive biases remains a pressing challenge. This study explores how personality traits influence these biases and evaluates the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiangen He , Jiqun Liu

When LLM-based multi-agent systems disagree, current practice treats this as noise to be resolved through consensus. We propose it can be signal. We focus on hate speech moderation, a domain where judgments depend on cultural context and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Michał Wawer , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Large language models (LLMs) are known to exhibit demographic biases, yet few studies systematically evaluate these biases across multiple datasets or account for confounding factors. In this work, we examine LLM alignment with human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Shayan Alipour , Indira Sen , Mattia Samory , Tanushree Mitra

The surge of interest in data augmentation within the realm of NLP has been driven by the need to address challenges posed by hate speech domains, the dynamic nature of social media vocabulary, and the demands for large-scale neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Md Saroar Jahan , Mourad Oussalah , Djamila Romaissa Beddia , Jhuma kabir Mim , Nabil Arhab

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

Training emotion recognition models has relied heavily on human annotated data, which present diversity, quality, and cost challenges. In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT4, in automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Minxue Niu , Mimansa Jaiswal , Emily Mower Provost

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential for offensive language detection, yet their ability to handle annotation disagreement remains underexplored. Disagreement samples, which arise from subjective interpretations, pose a unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junyu Lu , Kai Ma , Kaichun Wang , Kelaiti Xiao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Bo Xu , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

When training data are collected from human annotators, the design of the annotation instrument, the instructions given to annotators, the characteristics of the annotators, and their interactions can impact training data. This study…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-23 Christoph Kern , Stephanie Eckman , Jacob Beck , Rob Chew , Bolei Ma , Frauke Kreuter

Computer-aided teacher training is a state-of-the-art method designed to enhance teachers' professional skills effectively while minimising concerns related to costs, time constraints, and geographical limitations. We investigate the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ewelina Gajewska , Michal Wawer , Katarzyna Budzynska , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Detecting political bias in news media is a complex task that requires interpreting subtle linguistic and contextual cues. Although recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have enabled automatic bias classification, the extent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Shreya Adrita Banik , Niaz Nafi Rahman , Tahsina Moiukh , Farig Sadeque

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Keyan Guo , Alexander Hu , Jaden Mu , Ziheng Shi , Ziming Zhao , Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu

Hate speech encompasses verbal, written, or behavioral communication that targets derogatory or discriminatory language against individuals or groups based on sensitive characteristics. Automated hate speech detection plays a crucial role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Tanmay Sen , Ansuman Das , Mrinmay Sen

The spread of media bias is a significant concern as political discourse shapes beliefs and opinions. Addressing this challenge computationally requires improved methods for interpreting news. While large language models (LLMs) can scale…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Qile Wang , Prerana Khatiwada , Avinash Chouhan , Ashrey Mahesh , Joy Mwaria , Duy Duc Tran , Kenneth E. Barner , Matthew Louis Mauriello

Evaluating the quality of search, ranking and RAG systems traditionally requires a significant number of human relevance annotations. In recent times, several deployed systems have explored the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Abhishek Divekar , Anirban Majumder

An essential aspect of evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is identifying potential biases. This is especially relevant considering the substantial evidence that LLMs can replicate human social biases in their text outputs and further…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Paula Akemi Aoyagui , Sharon Ferguson , Anastasia Kuzminykh

In traditional decision making processes, social biases of human decision makers can lead to unequal economic outcomes for underrepresented social groups, such as women, racial or ethnic minorities. Recently, the increasing popularity of…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-25 Jiafu An , Difang Huang , Chen Lin , Mingzhu Tai