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The evaluation of summary quality encompasses diverse dimensions such as consistency, coherence, relevance, and fluency. However, existing summarization methods often target a specific dimension, facing challenges in generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sangwon Ryu , Heejin Do , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee , Jungseul Ok

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for facilitating the self-improvement of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the domain of complex reasoning tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Ziru Liu , Cheng Gong , Xinyu Fu , Yaofang Liu , Ran Chen , Shoubo Hu , Suiyun Zhang , Rui Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Dandan Tu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling complex problems. The recent introduction of multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) has further expanded the scope of RL by enabling agents to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Florian Felten , Daniel Gareev , El-Ghazali Talbi , Grégoire Danoy

Optimizing multiple competing objectives is a common problem across science and industry. The inherent inextricable trade-off between those objectives leads one to the task of exploring their Pareto front. A meaningful quantity for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jim Boelrijk , Bernd Ensing , Patrick Forré

Document summarisation can be formulated as a sequential decision-making problem, which can be solved by Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. The predominant RL paradigm for summarisation learns a cross-input policy, which requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Yang Gao , Christian M. Meyer , Mohsen Mesgar , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in listwise passage reranking task. However, directly applying them to rank long-form documents introduces both effectiveness and efficiency issues due to the substantially…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jincheng Feng , Wenhan Liu , Zhicheng Dou

We introduce inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) as an effective paradigm for training abstractive summarization models, imitating human summarization behaviors. Our IRL model estimates the reward function using a suite of important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Yu Fu , Deyi Xiong , Yue Dong

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) plays a critical role in improving model performance. Transformer-based HPO methods have shown great potential; however, existing approaches rely heavily on large-scale historical optimization trajectories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haoxin Guo , Jiawen Pan , Weixin Zhai

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to cater to different human preferences, learning new skills, and unlearning harmful behavior is an important problem. Search-based methods, such as Best-of-N or Monte-Carlo Tree Search, are performant,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Seungwook Han , Idan Shenfeld , Akash Srivastava , Yoon Kim , Pulkit Agrawal

We study reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning of large language model (LLM) agents for long-horizon multi-turn tool use, where context length quickly becomes a fundamental bottleneck. Existing RL pipelines can suffer from degraded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Miao Lu , Weiwei Sun , Weihua Du , Zhan Ling , Xuesong Yao , Kang Liu , Jiecao Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards~(RLVR) has become a prominent paradigm to enhance the capabilities (i.e.\ long-context) of Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, it often relies on gold-standard answers or explicit evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yao Xiao , Lei Wang , Yue Deng , Guanzheng Chen , Ziqi Jin , Jung-jae Kim , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee , Lidong Bing

We propose a novel reinforcement learning based framework PoBRL for solving multi-document summarization. PoBRL jointly optimizes over the following three objectives necessary for a high-quality summary: importance, relevance, and length.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Andy Su , Difei Su , John M. Mulvey , H. Vincent Poor

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is an essential technique for ensuring that large language models (LLMs) are aligned with human values and preferences during the post-training phase. As an effective RLHF approach, group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zonglin Yang , Zhexuan Gu , Houduo Qi , Yancheng Yuan

Due to the exponential growth of information and the need for efficient information consumption the task of summarization has gained paramount importance. Evaluating summarization accurately and objectively presents significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Dong Yuan , Eti Rastogi , Fen Zhao , Sagar Goyal , Gautam Naik , Sree Prasanna Rajagopal

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is crucial for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values. However, RLHF has been continuously challenged by its high complexity in implementation and computation consumption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuhao Du , Zhuo Li , Pengyu Cheng , Zhihong Chen , Yuejiao Xie , Xiang Wan , Anningzhe Gao

Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is a promising framework for learning control in a data-efficient manner. MBRL algorithms can be fairly complex due to the separate dynamics modeling and the subsequent planning algorithm, and as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Baohe Zhang , Raghu Rajan , Luis Pineda , Nathan Lambert , André Biedenkapp , Kurtland Chua , Frank Hutter , Roberto Calandra

Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) presents significant challenges and opportunities for optimizing multiple objectives in Large Language Models (LLMs). We introduce a MORL taxonomy and examine the advantages and limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lingxiao Kong , Cong Yang , Oya Deniz Beyan , Zeyd Boukhers

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

Visual Odometry (VO) is essential to downstream mobile robotics and augmented/virtual reality tasks. Despite recent advances, existing VO methods still rely on heuristic design choices that require several weeks of hyperparameter tuning by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Nico Messikommer , Giovanni Cioffi , Mathias Gehrig , Davide Scaramuzza

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate functionally correct solutions but often fall short in code efficiency, a critical bottleneck for real-world deployment. In this paper, we introduce a novel test-time iterative optimization framework to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Mingzhe Du , Luu Anh Tuan , Yue Liu , Yuhao Qing , Dong Huang , Xinyi He , Qian Liu , Zejun Ma , See-kiong Ng
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