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Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise but remain challenging to continually improve through traditional finetuning, particularly when integrating capabilities from other specialized LLMs. Popular methods like ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Shiyue Hou , Yifan Gong , Xin Meng , Pengwei Sui , Peiyan Dong , Xuan Shen , Zifeng Wang , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) often retain outdated or incorrect information from pre-training, which undermines their reliability. While model editing methods have been developed to address such errors without full re-training, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dahyun Jung , Jaehyung Seo , Jaewook Lee , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Large Language Models (LLMs) face the "knowledge cutoff" challenge, where their frozen parametric memory prevents direct internalization of new information. While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is commonly used to update model knowledge, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pingzhi Tang , Yiding Wang , Muhan Zhang

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a crucial step for large language models (LLMs), enabling them to align with human instructions and enhance their capabilities in downstream tasks. Increasing instruction data substantially is a direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Shihan Dou , Enyu Zhou , Yan Liu , Songyang Gao , Jun Zhao , Wei Shen , Yuhao Zhou , Zhiheng Xi , Xiao Wang , Xiaoran Fan , Shiliang Pu , Jiang Zhu , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models handle single-turn generation well, but multi-turn interactions still require the model to reconstruct user intent and task state from an expanding token history because internal representations do not persist across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Vishwas Hegde , Vindhya Shigehalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language processing by encoding extensive human knowledge, but their utility relies on timely updates as knowledge evolves. Updating LLMs involves two key tasks simultaneously: unlearning to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Binchi Zhang , Zhengzhang Chen , Zaiyi Zheng , Jundong Li , Haifeng Chen

Knowledge Editing (KE) is a field that studies how to modify some knowledge in Large Language Models (LLMs) at a low cost (compared to pre-training). Currently, performing large-scale edits on LLMs while ensuring the Reliability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wentao Wan , Qiqing Lao , Zhiwei Xie , Hefeng Wu , Runnan Lin , Liang Lin , Keze Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are proficient in capturing factual knowledge across various domains. However, refining their capabilities on previously seen knowledge or integrating new knowledge from external sources remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiaxin Zhang , Wendi Cui , Yiran Huang , Kamalika Das , Sricharan Kumar

Knowledge-based visual question answering is a very challenging and widely concerned task. Previous methods adopts the implicit knowledge in large language models (LLM) to achieve excellent results, but we argue that existing methods may…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Yang Zhou , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered widespread attention from researchers due to their remarkable understanding and generation capabilities in visual language tasks (e.g., visual question answering). However, the rapid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Xingjiao Wu , Qin Chen , Qingchun Bai , Ze Zhou , Liang He

Given the prevalence of large language models (LLMs) and the prohibitive cost of training these models from scratch, dynamically forgetting specific knowledge e.g., private or proprietary, without retraining the model has become an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have endowed LLMs with the ability to perceive and understand multi-modal signals. However, most of the existing MLLMs mainly adopt vision encoders pretrained on coarsely aligned image-text pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Gongwei Chen , Leyang Shen , Rui Shao , Xiang Deng , Liqiang Nie

Continuous knowledge updating for pre-trained large language models (LLMs) is increasingly necessary yet remains challenging. Although inference-time methods like In-Context Learning (ICL) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Seungju Back , Dongwoo Lee , Naun Kang , Taehee Lee , S. K. Hong , Youngjune Gwon , Sungjin Ahn

Knowledge graphs (KGs) capture knowledge in the form of head--relation--tail triples and are a crucial component in many AI systems. There are two important reasoning tasks on KGs: (1) single-hop knowledge graph completion, which involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Hongyu Ren , Hanjun Dai , Bo Dai , Xinyun Chen , Denny Zhou , Jure Leskovec , Dale Schuurmans

Knowledge augmentation has significantly enhanced the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing methods typically operate on the simplistic premise that model performance equates with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hao Chen , Ye He , Yuchun Fan , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Maosong Sun , Wanxiang Che

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex tasks by employing search-augmented reasoning to incorporate external knowledge into long chains of thought. However, we identify a critical yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Sangwon Yu , Ik-hwan Kim , Donghun Kang , Bongkyu Hwang , Junhwa Choi , Suk-hoon Jung , Seungki Hong , Taehee Lee , Sungroh Yoon

The swift advancement in Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) also presents significant challenges for effective knowledge editing. Current methods, including intrinsic knowledge editing and external knowledge resorting, each possess strengths and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kaihang Pan , Zhaoyu Fan , Juncheng Li , Qifan Yu , Hao Fei , Siliang Tang , Richang Hong , Hanwang Zhang , Qianru Sun

We study the problem of injecting knowledge into large pre-trained models like BERT and RoBERTa. Existing methods typically update the original parameters of pre-trained models when injecting knowledge. However, when multiple kinds of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Ruize Wang , Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Zhongyu Wei , Xuanjing Huang , Jianshu ji , Guihong Cao , Daxin Jiang , Ming Zhou

Continual learning is essential for adapting models to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. While existing approaches predominantly focus on uni-modal data, multi-modal learning offers substantial benefits by utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Evelyn Chee , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) currently struggle to sequentially add new memories and integrate new knowledge. These limitations contrast with the human ability to continuously learn from new experiences and acquire knowledge throughout…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xu Pan , Ely Hahami , Zechen Zhang , Haim Sompolinsky