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In this paper, we consider reinforcement learning of Markov Decision Processes (MDP) with peak constraints, where an agent chooses a policy to optimize an objective and at the same time satisfy additional constraints. The agent has to take…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-09 Ather Gattami

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are used to model a wide variety of applications ranging from game playing over robotics to finance. Their optimal policy typically maximizes the expected sum of rewards given at each step of the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Maximilian Nägele , Jan Olle , Thomas Fösel , Remmy Zen , Florian Marquardt

Autonomous systems are often required to operate in partially observable environments. They must reliably execute a specified objective even with incomplete information about the state of the environment. We propose a methodology to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Maxime Bouton , Jana Tumova , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

The synthesis problem for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is to compute a policy that satisfies a given specification. Such policies have to take the full execution history of a POMDP into account, rendering the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Leonore Winterer , Ralf Wimmer , Nils Jansen , Bernd Becker

The problem of offline reinforcement learning focuses on learning a good policy from a log of environment interactions. Past efforts for developing algorithms in this area have revolved around introducing constraints to online reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Ian Char , Viraj Mehta , Adam Villaflor , John M. Dolan , Jeff Schneider

Optimal decision-making under partial observability requires agents to balance reducing uncertainty (exploration) against pursuing immediate objectives (exploitation). In this paper, we introduce a novel policy optimization framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hany Abdulsamad , Sahel Iqbal , Simo Särkkä

We investigate improving Monte Carlo Tree Search based solvers for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), when applied to adaptive sampling problems. We propose improvements in rollout allocation, the action exploration…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Gautam Salhotra , Christopher E. Denniston , David A. Caron , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) provide an efficient way to model real-world sequential decision making processes. Motivated by the problem of maintenance and inspection of a group of infrastructure components with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Manav Vora , Pranay Thangeda , Michael N. Grussing , Melkior Ornik

Decision Trees are prominent prediction models for interpretable Machine Learning. They have been thoroughly researched, mostly in the batch setting with a fixed labelled dataset, leading to popular algorithms such as C4.5, ID3 and CART.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ayman Chaouki , Jesse Read , Albert Bifet

Decision tree optimization is notoriously difficult from a computational perspective but essential for the field of interpretable machine learning. Despite efforts over the past 40 years, only recently have optimization breakthroughs been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Jimmy Lin , Chudi Zhong , Diane Hu , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

Markov decision processes (MDPs) provide a fundamental model for sequential decision making under process uncertainty. A classical synthesis task is to compute for a given MDP a winning policy that achieves a desired specification. However,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Roman Andriushchenko , Milan Češka , Sebastian Junges , Filip Macák

The Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is a well-known optimization problem in manufacturing, where the goal is to determine the optimal sequence of jobs across different machines to minimize a given objective. In this work, we focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Laurie Boveroux , Damien Ernst , Quentin Louveaux

While achieving tremendous success in various fields, existing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with a black-box neural network makes decisions in an opaque manner that hinders humans from understanding the learned knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zichuan Liu , Yuanyang Zhu , Zhi Wang , Yang Gao , Chunlin Chen

The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) provides a principled framework for decision making in stochastic partially observable environments. However, computing good solutions for problems with continuous action spaces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Marcus Hoerger , Hanna Kurniawati , Dirk Kroese , Nan Ye

This paper studies the problem of data collection for policy evaluation in Markov decision processes (MDPs). In policy evaluation, we are given a target policy and asked to estimate the expected cumulative reward it will obtain in an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Josiah P. Hanna , Robert Nowak

We study the $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-PAC policy identification problem in finite-horizon episodic Markov Decision Processes. Existing approaches provide finite-time guarantees for approximate settings ($\varepsilon>0$) but suffer from high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Cyrille Kone , Kevin Jamieson

Motivated by the post-disaster distribution system restoration problem, in this paper, we study the problem of synthesizing the optimal policy for a Markov Decision Process (MDP) from a sequence of goal sets. For each goal set, our aim is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-09 İlker Işık , Onur Yigit Arpali , Ebru Aydin Gol

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models effectively using reinforcement learning (RL) remains a crucial challenge. Existing approaches primarily adopt two contrasting advantage estimation granularities: token-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yiran Guo , Lijie Xu , Jie Liu , Dan Ye , Shuang Qiu

In supervised learning, decision trees are valued for their interpretability and performance. While greedy decision tree algorithms like CART remain widely used due to their computational efficiency, they often produce sub-optimal solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hector Kohler , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

Multi-turn interaction remains challenging for online reinforcement learning. A common solution is trajectory-level optimization, which treats each trajectory as a single training sample. However, this approach can be inefficient and yield…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhan Chen , Yuxuan Liu , Long Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Jian Luan , Wei Liu