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Stochastic interpolants unify flows and diffusions, popular generative modeling frameworks. A primary hyperparameter in these methods is the interpolation schedule that determines how to bridge a standard Gaussian base measure to an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Gabriel Damsholt , Jes Frellsen , Susanne Ditlevsen

These are exciting times for studies of galaxy formation and the growth of structures. New observatories and advanced simulations are revolutionising our understanding of the cycling of matter into, through, and out of galaxies. This…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-13 Celine Peroux , Dylan Nelson

Generative models based on dynamical equations such as flows and diffusions offer exceptional sample quality, but require computationally expensive numerical integration during inference. The advent of consistency models has enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Nicholas M. Boffi , Michael S. Albergo , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

We present a neural-network emulator for baryonic effects in the non-linear matter power spectrum. We calibrate this emulator using more than 50,000 measurements in a 15-dimensional parameters space, varying cosmology and baryonic physics.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-11 Giovanni Aricò , Raul E. Angulo , Sergio Contreras , Lurdes Ondaro-Mallea , Marcos Pellejero-Ibañez , Matteo Zennaro

Numerical simulations play an important role in current astronomy researches. Previous dark-matter-only simulations have represented the large-scale structure of the Universe. However, nowadays, hydro-dynamical simulations with baryonic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-09 Weiguang Cui , Youcai Zhang

We demonstrate the capabilities of probabilistic diffusion models to reduce dramatically the computational cost of expensive hydrodynamical simulations to study the relationship between observable baryonic cosmological probes and dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Satvik Mishra , Roberto Trotta , Matteo Viel

Running hydrodynamical simulations to produce mock data of large-scale structure and baryonic probes, such as the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect, at cosmological scales is computationally challenging. We propose to leverage the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-13 Tilman Tröster , Cameron Ferguson , Joachim Harnois-Déraps , Ian G. McCarthy

Cosmological hydrodynamic simulations can accurately predict the properties of the intergalactic medium (IGM), but only under the condition of retaining high spatial resolution necessary to resolve density fluctuations in the IGM. This…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Daniele Sorini , José Oñorbe , Zarija Lukić , Joseph F. Hennawi

We present 40 fully hydrodynamical numerical simulations of the intergalactic gas that gives rise to the Ly-alpha forest. We make artificial spectra from each and measure three output parameters: the mean flux, a measure of the most common…

The diffuse medium in and around galaxies can exist in a multi-phase state: small, cold gas clouds contributing significantly to the total mass embedded in pressure equilibrium with a hotter, more diffuse volume-filling component. Modeling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-28 Rainer Weinberger , Lars Hernquist

We revisit techniques for performing cosmological simulations with both baryons and cold dark matter when each fluid has different initial conditions, as is the case at the end of the radiation era. Most simulations do not reproduce the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-17 Simeon Bird , Yu Feng , Christian Pedersen , Andreu Font-Ribera

Numerical simulators are essential tools in the study of natural fluid-systems, but their performance often limits application in practice. Recent machine-learning approaches have demonstrated their ability to accelerate spatio-temporal…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-05-06 Mario Lino , Stathi Fotiadis , Anil A. Bharath , Chris Cantwell

Hydrodynamical simulations play a fundamental role in modern cosmological research, serving as a crucial bridge between theoretical predictions and observational data. However, due to their computational intensity, these simulations are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-12 Andrés Caro , Daniel de Andres , Weiguang Cui , Gustavo Yepes , Marco De Petris , Antonio Ferragamo , Félicien Schiltz , Amélie Nef

A class of generative models that unifies flow-based and diffusion-based methods is introduced. These models extend the framework proposed in Albergo and Vanden-Eijnden (2023), enabling the use of a broad class of continuous-time stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Michael S. Albergo , Nicholas M. Boffi , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Full-physics cosmological simulations are powerful tools for studying the formation and evolution of structure in the universe but require extreme computational resources. Here, we train a convolutional neural network to use a cheaper…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-04 Peter Harrington , Mustafa Mustafa , Max Dornfest , Benjamin Horowitz , Zarija Lukić

We present a pipeline to estimate baryonic properties of a galaxy inside a dark matter (DM) halo in DM-only simulations using a machine trained on high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations. As an example, we use the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-10-03 Yongseok Jo , Ji-hoon Kim

Hydrodynamic simulations have become irreplaceable in modern cosmology for exploring complex systems and making predictions to steer future observations. In Chapter 1, we begin with a philosophical discussion on the role of simulations in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-20 Edoardo Altamura

Modern techniques for physical simulations rely on numerical schemes and mesh-refinement methods to address trade-offs between precision and complexity, but these handcrafted solutions are tedious and require high computational power.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Janny Steeven , Nadri Madiha , Digne Julie , Wolf Christian

We present a new method for modeling inhomogeneous cosmic reionization on large scales. Utilizing high-resolution radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with 2048^3 dark matter particles, 2048^3 gas cells, and 17 billion adaptive rays in a L =…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Nick Battaglia , Hy Trac , Renyue Cen , Abraham Loeb

We present a suite of cosmological N-body simulations with cold dark matter and baryons aiming at modeling the low-density regions of the IGM as probed by the Lyman-$\alpha$ forests at high redshift. The simulations are designed to match…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 A. Borde , N. Palanque-Delabrouille , G. Rossi , M. Viel , J. Bolton , Ch. Yèche , J. -M. LeGoff , J. Rich