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Granger causality (GC), a popular statistical method for the inference of directional influences between time series measured from a complex network, is sensitive to high-order (non-pairwise) interactions which fundamentally shape the…

To gain insight into complex systems it is a key challenge to infer nonlinear causal directional relations from observational time-series data. Specifically, estimating causal relationships between interacting components in large systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Axel Wismüller , Adora M. DSouza , Anas Z. Abidin

Causality in time series can be challenging to determine, especially in the presence of non-linear dependencies. Granger causality helps analyze potential relationships between variables, thereby offering a method to determine whether one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Harsh Poonia , Felix Divo , Kristian Kersting , Devendra Singh Dhami

A widely applied approach to causal inference from a non-experimental time series $X$, often referred to as "(linear) Granger causal analysis", is to regress present on past and interpret the regression matrix $\hat{B}$ causally. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-23 Philipp Geiger , Kun Zhang , Mingming Gong , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schölkopf

Identifying causal relations among simultaneously acquired signals is an important problem in multivariate time series analysis. For linear stochastic systems Granger proposed a simple procedure called the Granger causality to detect such…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yonghong Chen , Govindan Rangarajan , Jianfeng Feng , Mingzhou Ding

With the advancement of deep learning technologies, various neural network-based Granger causality models have been proposed. Although these models have demonstrated notable improvements, several limitations remain. Most existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Meiliang Liu , Huiwen Dong , Xiaoxiao Yang , Yunfang Xu , Zijin Li , Zhengye Si , Xinyue Yang , Zhiwen Zhao

While most classical approaches to Granger causality detection repose upon linear time series assumptions, many interactions in neuroscience and economics applications are nonlinear. We develop an approach to nonlinear Granger causality…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-26 Alex Tank , Ian Cover , Nicholas J. Foti , Ali Shojaie , Emily B. Fox

Inferring causal relations from time series measurements is an ill-posed mathematical problem, where typically an infinite number of potential solutions can reproduce the given data. We explore in depth a strategy to disambiguate between…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-11-04 George Stepaniants , Bingni W. Brunton , J. Nathan Kutz

It is a challenging research endeavor to infer causal relationships in multivariate observational time-series. Such data may be represented by graphs, where nodes represent time-series, and edges directed causal influence scores between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Axel Wismüller , Ali Vosoughi , Adora DSouza , Anas Abidin

The Granger framework is useful for discovering causal relations in time-varying signals. However, most Granger causality (GC) methods are developed for densely sampled timeseries data. A substantially different setting, particularly common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Minh Nguyen , Gia H. Ngo , Mert R. Sabuncu

Estimating causal relations is vital in understanding the complex interactions in multivariate time series. Non-linear coupling of variables is one of the major challenges inaccurate estimation of cause-effect relations. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Wasim Ahmad , Maha Shadaydeh , Joachim Denzler

Kernel-based methods are used in the context of Granger Causality to enable the identification of nonlinear causal relationships between time series variables. In this paper, we show that two state of the art kernel-based Granger Causality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Fiona Murphy , Alessio Benavoli

We introduce a rigorous mathematical framework for Granger causality in extremes, designed to identify causal links from extreme events in time series. Granger causality plays a pivotal role in uncovering directional relationships among…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-21 Juraj Bodik , Olivier C. Pasche

Our goal is to estimate causal interactions in multivariate time series. Using vector autoregressive (VAR) models, these can be defined based on non-vanishing coefficients belonging to respective time-lagged instances. As in most cases a…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-08-13 Stefan Haufe , Guido Nolte , Klaus-Robert Mueller , Nicole Kraemer

Characterising cause-effect relationships in complex systems is fundamental to understanding their underlying mechanisms. Granger causality (GC) remains a widely used computational tool for identifying causal relationships in time series…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 S. A. Adedayo

The concept of Granger causality is increasingly being applied for the characterization of directional interactions in different applications. A multivariate framework for estimating Granger causality is essential in order to account for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-04 Angeliki Papana , Elsa Siggiridou , Dimitris Kugiumtzis

Granger causality method analyzes the time series causalities without building a complex causality graph. However, the traditional Granger causality method assumes that the causalities lie between time series channels and remain constant,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-16 Zhiheng Zhang , Wenbo Hu , Tian Tian , Jun Zhu

We present a new framework for learning Granger causality networks for multivariate categorical time series, based on the mixture transition distribution (MTD) model. Traditionally, MTD is plagued by a nonconvex objective,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-12 Alex Tank , Emily B. Fox , Ali Shojaie

While most classical approaches to Granger causality detection assume linear dynamics, many interactions in real-world applications, like neuroscience and genomics, are inherently nonlinear. In these cases, using linear models may lead to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-16 Alex Tank , Ian Covert , Nicholas Foti , Ali Shojaie , Emily Fox

Temporal causal analysis means understanding the underlying causes behind observed variables over time. Deep learning based methods such as transformers are increasingly used to capture temporal dynamics and causal relationships beyond mere…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Riya Mahesh , Rahul Vashisht , Chandrashekar Lakshminarayanan