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As electric vehicle (EV) numbers rise, concerns about the capacity of current charging and power grid infrastructure grow, necessitating the development of smart charging solutions. While many smart charging simulators have been developed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Stavros Orfanoudakis , Cesar Diaz-Londono , Yunus E. Yılmaz , Peter Palensky , Pedro P. Vergara

A significant barrier to deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a massive scale is safety assurance. Several technical challenges arise due to the uncertain environment in which AVs operate such as road and weather conditions, errors in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Majid Khonji , Jorge Dias , Lakmal Seneviratne

Existing evaluation paradigms for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) face critical limitations. Real-world evaluation is often challenging due to safety concerns and a lack of reproducibility, whereas closed-loop simulation can face insufficient…

Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of traffic accidents, which led wide researches on Automated Vehicle (AV) technologies to reduce vehicle accidents, especially on risk assessment framework of AV technologies. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Shuhang Tan , Zhiling Wang , Yan Zhong

The future robots are expected to work in a shared physical space with humans [1], however, the presence of humans leads to a dynamic environment that is challenging for mobile robots to navigate. The path planning algorithms designed to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Prabhjot Kaur , Zichuan Liu , Weisong Shi

Increasing the implemented SAE level of autonomy in road vehicles requires extensive simulations and verifications in a realistic simulation environment before proving ground and public road testing. The level of detail in the simulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Mustafa Ridvan Cantas , Levent Guvenc

Motorcycles face disproportionately high crash risks compared to cars due to limited protection and heightened sensitivity to surface hazards, yet Advanced Rider Assistance Systems (ARAS) remain underdeveloped relative to Advanced Driver…

We present a novel method for testing the safety of self-driving vehicles in simulation. We propose an alternative to sensor simulation, as sensor simulation is expensive and has large domain gaps. Instead, we directly simulate the outputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Kelvin Wong , Qiang Zhang , Ming Liang , Bin Yang , Renjie Liao , Abbas Sadat , Raquel Urtasun

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joe Beck , Shean Huff , Subhadeep Chakraborty

Anticipating the intentions of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) is a critical challenge for safe autonomous driving (AD) and mobile robotics. While current research predominantly focuses on pedestrian crossing behaviors from a vehicle's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Max A. Buettner , Kanak Mazumder , Luca Koecher , Mario Finkbeiner , Sebastian Niebler , Fabian B. Flohr

Realistic and controllable simulation is critical for advancing end-to-end autonomous driving, yet existing approaches often struggle to support novel view synthesis under large viewpoint changes or to ensure geometric consistency. We…

In a future connected vehicle environment, an optimized route and motion planning should not only fulfill efficiency and safety constraints but also minimize vehicle motions and oscillations, causing poor ride comfort perceived by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Alexander Genser , Roland Spielhofer , Philippe Nitsche , Anastasios Kouvelas

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires identifying rare but critical failure cases that on-road testing alone cannot discover. High-fidelity simulations provide a scalable alternative, but automatically generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Amar Kulkarni , Shangtong Zhang , Madhur Behl

Testing Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in simulation with realistic driving scenarios is important for verifying their performance. However, converting real-world driving videos into simulation scenarios is a significant challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yan Miao , Georgios Fainekos , Bardh Hoxha , Hideki Okamoto , Danil Prokhorov , Sayan Mitra

With the development of autonomous driving, it is becoming increasingly common for autonomous vehicles (AVs) and human-driven vehicles (HVs) to travel on the same roads. Existing single-vehicle planning algorithms on board struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Licheng Wen , Pinlong Cai , Daocheng Fu , Song Mao , Yikang Li

Scientific testing techniques are essential for ensuring the safe operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs), with high-risk, highly interactive scenarios being a primary focus. To address the limitations of existing testing methods, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yicheng Guo , Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Hao Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians and bicyclists, are at a higher risk of being involved in crashes with motor vehicles, and crashes involving VRUs also are more likely to result in severe injuries or fatalities. Signalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Agnimitra Sengupta , S. Ilgin Guler , Vikash V. Gayah , Shannon Warchol

Recent Autonomous Vehicles (AV) technology includes machine learning and probabilistic techniques that add significant complexity to the traditional verification and validation methods. The research community and industry have widely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Julie Stephany Berrio , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Risk assessment is a crucial component of collision warning and avoidance systems in intelligent vehicles. To accurately detect potential vehicle collisions, reachability-based formal approaches have been developed to ensure driving safety,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Xinwei Wang , Zirui Li , Javier Alonso-Mora , Meng Wang

Autonomous driving policy learning with reinforcement learning (RL) is fundamentally limited by low sample efficiency, weak generalization, and a dependence on unsafe online trial-and-error interactions. Although safe RL introduces explicit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yansong Qu , Zilin Huang , Zihao Sheng , Jiancong Chen , Yue Leng , Samuel Labi , Sikai Chen