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Music understanding is a complex task that often requires reasoning over both structural and semantic elements of audio. We introduce BASS, designed to evaluate music understanding and reasoning in audio language models across four broad…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Min Jang , Orevaoghene Ahia , Nazif Tamer , Sachin Kumar , Yulia Tsvetkov , Noah A. Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a range of educational tasks, but are still understudied for their potential to solve mathematical problems. In this study, we compare three prominent LLMs, including GPT-4o,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ruonan Wang , Runxi Wang , Yunwen Shen , Chengfeng Wu , Qinglin Zhou , Rohitash Chandra

Benchmark plays a pivotal role in assessing the advancements of large language models (LLMs). While numerous benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate LLMs' capabilities, there is a notable absence of a dedicated benchmark for assessing…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jiajia Li , Lu Yang , Mingni Tang , Cong Chen , Zuchao Li , Ping Wang , Hai Zhao

There has been a surge in LLM evaluation research to understand LLM capabilities and limitations. However, much of this research has been confined to English, leaving LLM building and evaluation for non-English languages relatively…

Automatic mean opinion score (MOS) prediction provides a more perceptual alternative to objective metrics, offering deeper insights into the evaluated models. With the rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yuhang Jia , Xu Zhang , Yang Chen , Hui Wang , Enzhi Wang , Yong Qin

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) excel at semantic and paralinguistic tasks, yet their ability to perceive the fundamental physical attributes of audio such as pitch, loudness, and spatial location remains under-explored. To bridge this…

Can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) develop an intuitive number sense similar to humans? Targeting this problem, we introduce Visual Number Benchmark (VisNumBench) to evaluate the number sense abilities of MLLMs across a wide range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tengjin Weng , Jingyi Wang , Wenhao Jiang , Zhong Ming

Recent advances in audio-text large language models (LLMs) have opened new possibilities for music understanding and generation. However, existing benchmarks are limited in scope, often relying on simplified tasks or multi-choice…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Yinghao Ma , Siyou Li , Juntao Yu , Emmanouil Benetos , Akira Maezawa

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on a wide range of tasks, including in multimodal settings such as speech. However, their evaluation is often limited to English and a few high-resource languages. For…

Music is essential in daily life, fulfilling emotional and entertainment needs, and connecting us personally, socially, and culturally. A better understanding of music can enhance our emotions, cognitive skills, and cultural connections.…

While Audio Large Models (ALMs) have achieved remarkable proficiency, their robustness remains brittle in real-world deployment. Existing evaluations largely rely on synthetic Gaussian noise or simplistic single-source interference, failing…

Music-text multimodal systems have enabled new approaches to Music Information Research (MIR) applications such as audio-to-text and text-to-audio retrieval, text-based song generation, and music captioning. Despite the reported success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Yannis Vasilakis , Rachel Bittner , Johan Pauwels

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs), which couple acoustic perception with large language models (LLMs) to extract and understand diverse information from audio, have attracted intense interest from both academic and industrial communities.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bohan Li , Wenbin Huang , Yuhang Qiu , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Zhihan Li , Jing Peng , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

We present Task 5 of the DCASE 2025 Challenge: an Audio Question Answering (AQA) benchmark spanning multiple domains of sound understanding. This task defines three QA subsets (Bioacoustics, Temporal Soundscapes, and Complex QA) to test…

Recent advancements in omnimodal large language models (OmniLLMs) have significantly improved the comprehension of audio and video inputs. However, current evaluations primarily focus on short audio and video clips ranging from 10 seconds…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Keda Tao , Yuhua Zheng , Jia Xu , Wenjie Du , Kele Shao , Hesong Wang , Xueyi Chen , Xin Jin , Junhan Zhu , Bohan Yu , Weiqiang Wang , Jian Liu , Can Qin , Yulun Zhang , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Huan Wang

We present Audio Flamingo 3 (AF3), a fully open state-of-the-art (SOTA) large audio-language model that advances reasoning and understanding across speech, sound, and music. AF3 introduces: (i) AF-Whisper, a unified audio encoder trained…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in visual and audio understanding when evaluated in isolation. However, their ability to jointly reason over omni-modal (visual, audio, and textual) signals in long and…

Chart understanding presents a unique challenge for large vision-language models (LVLMs), as it requires the integration of sophisticated textual and visual reasoning capabilities. However, current LVLMs exhibit a notable imbalance between…

With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted a wide array of domains, including healthcare, engineering, science, education, and mathematical reasoning. Among these,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Afrar Jahin , Arif Hassan Zidan , Wei Zhang , Yu Bao , Tianming Liu

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have shown strong performance on various audio understanding tasks such as speech translation and Audio Q\&A. However, they exhibit significant limitations on challenging audio reasoning tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhen Xiong , Yujun Cai , Zhecheng Li , Junsong Yuan , Yiwei Wang