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Large language models (LLMs) have witnessed rapid advancements, demonstrating remarkable capabilities. However, a notable vulnerability persists: LLMs often uncritically accept flawed or contradictory premises, leading to inefficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jinzhe Li , Gengxu Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Evaluating language models fairly is increasingly difficult as static benchmarks risk contamination by training data, obscuring whether models truly reason or recall. We introduce BeyondBench, an evaluation framework using algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Zhenyu Bi , Swastik Roy , Priya Pitre , Meng Lu , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Safety alignment approaches in large language models (LLMs) often lead to the over-refusal of benign queries, significantly diminishing their utility in sensitive scenarios. To address this challenge, we introduce FalseReject, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhehao Zhang , Weijie Xu , Fanyou Wu , Chandan K. Reddy

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as decision-support tools in data-constrained scientific workflows, where correctness and validity are critical. However, evaluation practices often emphasize stability or reproducibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nazia Riasat

Despite the remarkable advances of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse cognitive tasks, the rapid enhancement of these capabilities also introduces emergent deceptive behaviors that may induce severe risks in high-stakes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Yichi Zhang , Ruochen Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in recent visual-question-answering (VQA) benchmarks that evaluate complex visio-linguistic reasoning. However, are these models truly effective? In this work, we show that VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Baiqi Li , Zhiqiu Lin , Wenxuan Peng , Jean de Dieu Nyandwi , Daniel Jiang , Zixian Ma , Simran Khanuja , Ranjay Krishna , Graham Neubig , Deva Ramanan

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly, with new models frequently claiming support for an increasing number of languages. However, existing evaluation datasets are limited and lack cross-lingual alignment, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Wenhan Han , Yifan Zhang , Zhixun Chen , Binbin Liu , Haobin Lin , Bingni Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Meng Fang , Yin Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become instrumental across various applications, with the customization of these models to specific scenarios becoming increasingly critical. System message, a fundamental component of LLMs, is consist of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yanzhao Qin , Tao Zhang , Tao Zhang , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Haoze Sun , Yan Zhang , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

We introduce OVERTONBENCH, a novel framework for measuring Overton pluralism in LLMs--the extent to which diverse viewpoints are represented in model outputs. We (i) formalize Overton pluralism as a set coverage metric (OVERTONSCORE), (ii)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Elinor Poole-Dayan , Jiayi Wu , Taylor Sorensen , Jiaxin Pei , Michiel A. Bakker

Evaluating Large Language Models' (LLMs) anthropomorphic capabilities has become increasingly important in contemporary discourse. Utilizing the emotion appraisal theory from psychology, we propose to evaluate the empathy ability of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jen-tse Huang , Man Ho Lam , Eric John Li , Shujie Ren , Wenxuan Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Although pre-trained language models (PrLMs) have achieved significant success, recent studies demonstrate that PrLMs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. By generating adversarial examples with slight perturbations on different levels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Jiayi Wang , Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Existing memory benchmarks for LLM agents evaluate explicit recall of facts, yet overlook implicit memory where experience becomes automated behavior without conscious retrieval. This gap is critical: effective assistants must automatically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chonghan Qin , Xiachong Feng , Weitao Ma , Xiaocheng Feng , Lingpeng Kong

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding their dual-use potential in cybersecurity. Existing evaluation frameworks overwhelmingly focus on Information Technology (IT) environments, failing to capture the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gustav Keppler , Moritz Gstür , Veit Hagenmeyer

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on question answering often relies on static benchmarks that reward memorization and understate the role of retrieval, failing to capture the dynamic nature of world knowledge. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Heng Zhou , Ao Yu , Yuchen Fan , Jianing Shi , Li Kang , Hejia Geng , Yongting Zhang , Yutao Fan , Yuhao Wu , Tiancheng He , Yiran Qin , Lei Bai , Zhenfei Yin

It is unclear whether strong forecasting performance reflects genuine temporal understanding or the ability to reason under contextual and event-driven conditions. We introduce TemporalBench, a multi-domain benchmark designed to evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muyan Weng , Defu Cao , Wei Yang , Yashaswi Sharma , Yan Liu

The increasing integration of Large Language Model (LLM) based search engines has transformed the landscape of information retrieval. However, these systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially ranking manipulation attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiyang Hu

Given the increasing use of synthetic data in language model (LM) post-training, an LM's ability to generate high-quality data has become nearly as crucial as its ability to solve problems directly. While prior works have focused on…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on textual data up to a specific temporal cutoff. This creates a strict knowledge boundary beyond which models cannot provide accurate information without querying external sources. More subtly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Piotr Pęzik , Konrad Kaczyński , Maria Szymańska , Filip Żarnecki , Zuzanna Deckert , Jakub Kwiatkowski , Wojciech Janowski

Standard evaluations of Large language models (LLMs) focus on task performance, offering limited insight into whether correct behavior reflects appropriate underlying mechanisms and risking confirmation bias. We introduce a simple,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zoë Prins , Samuele Punzo , Frank Wildenburg , Giovanni Cinà , Sandro Pezzelle

Despite the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains, they frequently exhibit overconfidence when encountering uncertain scenarios, yet existing solutions primarily rely on evasive responses (e.g., "I…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyu Liu , Jingquan Peng , xiaopeng Wu , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Bo Zheng , Yong Liu