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Autonomous driving requires reliable reasoning over fine-grained 3D scene facts. Fine-grained question answering over multi-modal driving observations provides a natural way to evaluate this capability, yet existing perception pipelines and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ye Tian , Jingyi Zhang , Zihao Wang , Xiaoyuan Ren , Xiaofan Yu , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a fundamental multimodal task that requires models to jointly understand visual and textual information. Early VQA systems relied heavily on language biases, motivating subsequent work to emphasize visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nguyen Anh Tuong , Phan Ba Duc , Nguyen Trung Quoc , Tran Dac Thinh , Dang Duy Lan , Nguyen Quoc Thinh , Tung Le

The rapid development of Vision-Language models (VLMs) and Multimodal Language Models (MLLMs) in autonomous driving research has significantly reshaped the landscape by enabling richer scene understanding, context-aware reasoning, and more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Karthik Mohan , Sonam Singh , Amit Arvind Kale

The rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLM) has paved the way for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) paradigms, which integrate visual perception, natural language understanding, and control within a single policy. Researchers…

The limited capacity for fine-grained visual perception presents a critical bottleneck for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world applications. Addressing this is challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality data and the limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Juntian Zhang , Song Jin , Chuanqi Cheng , Yuhan Liu , Yankai Lin , Xun Zhang , Yufei Zhang , Fei Jiang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Rui Yan

Recently DeepSeek R1 demonstrated how reinforcement learning with simple rule-based incentives can enable autonomous development of complex reasoning in large language models, characterized by the "aha moment", in which the model manifest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hengguang Zhou , Xirui Li , Ruochen Wang , Minhao Cheng , Tianyi Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Accurately understanding and deciding high-level meta-actions is essential for ensuring reliable and safe autonomous driving systems. While vision-language models (VLMs) have shown significant potential in various autonomous driving tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yujin Wang , Quanfeng Liu , Zhengxin Jiang , Tianyi Wang , Junfeng Jiao , Hongqing Chu , Bingzhao Gao , Hong Chen

In this report, we present a series of math-specific large language models: Qwen2.5-Math and Qwen2.5-Math-Instruct-1.5B/7B/72B. The core innovation of the Qwen2.5 series lies in integrating the philosophy of self-improvement throughout the…

While autonomous driving technology has made remarkable strides, data-driven approaches still struggle with complex scenarios due to their limited reasoning capabilities. Meanwhile, knowledge-driven autonomous driving systems have evolved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yukai Ma , Tiantian Wei , Naiting Zhong , Jianbiao Mei , Tao Hu , Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Botian Shi , Yong Liu

Training conversational question-answering (QA) systems requires a substantial amount of in-domain data, which is often scarce in practice. A common solution to this challenge is to generate synthetic data. Traditional methods typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Qian , Maximillian Chen , Siyan Li , Arpit Sharma , Zhou Yu

This study investigates the potential of a multimodal large language model (LLM), specifically ChatGPT-4o, to perform human-like interpretations of traffic scenes using static dashcam images. Herein, we focus on three judgment tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuki Yoshihara , Linjing Jiang , Nihan Karatas , Hitoshi Kanamori , Asuka Harada , Takahiro Tanaka

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve human-level performance in various tasks, they continue to face challenges when it comes to effectively tackling multi-step physics reasoning tasks. To identify the shortcomings of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Avinash Anand , Janak Kapuriya , Apoorv Singh , Jay Saraf , Naman Lal , Astha Verma , Rushali Gupta , Rajiv Shah

Can post-trained large language models (LLMs) further improve themselves using only unlabeled prompts, without external teachers or feedback from tools? We study this setting starting only from unlabeled seed questions with no ground-truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tony Lee , Percy Liang

In this paper, we introduce a learning-based vision dynamics approach to nonlinear model predictive control for autonomous vehicles, coined LVD-NMPC. LVD-NMPC uses an a-priori process model and a learned vision dynamics model used to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Sorin Grigorescu , Cosmin Ginerica , Mihai Zaha , Gigel Macesanu , Bogdan Trasnea

Visual language reasoning requires a system to extract text or numbers from information-dense images like charts or plots and perform logical or arithmetic reasoning to arrive at an answer. To tackle this task, existing work relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Peifang Wang , Olga Golovneva , Armen Aghajanyan , Xiang Ren , Muhao Chen , Asli Celikyilmaz , Maryam Fazel-Zarandi

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) remains an unresolved challenge in computer vision due to complex distortions, diverse image content, and limited data availability. Existing Blind IQA (BIQA) methods largely rely on extensive human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xudong Li , Zihao Huang , Yan Zhang , Yunhang Shen , Ke Li , Xiawu Zheng , Liujuan Cao , Rongrong Ji

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable generalization capabilities via prompting, which leverages VLMs as knowledge bases to extract information beneficial for downstream tasks. However, existing methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xiaoyu Qiu , Hao Feng , Yuechen Wang , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Continual Learning (CL) enables machine learning models to learn from continuously shifting new training data in absence of data from old tasks. Recently, pretrained vision transformers combined with prompt tuning have shown promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Anurag Roy , Riddhiman Moulick , Vinay K. Verma , Saptarshi Ghosh , Abir Das

The advent of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly advanced end-to-end autonomous driving, demonstrating powerful reasoning abilities for high-level behavior planning tasks. However, existing methods are often constrained by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Weicheng Zheng , Xiaofei Mao , Nanfei Ye , Pengxiang Li , Kun Zhan , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD), providing a unified framework for perception and decision-making. However, their real-world deployment is hindered by significant computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Minhao Xiong , Zichen Wen , Zhuangcheng Gu , Xuyang Liu , Rui Zhang , Hengrui Kang , Jiabing Yang , Junyuan Zhang , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Yafei Wang , Linfeng Zhang