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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications where users engage in extended, mixed-topic conversations that depend on prior context. Yet, their reliability under realistic multi-turn interactions remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiyoon Myung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely employed in programming language analysis to enhance human productivity. Yet, their reliability can be compromised by various code distribution shifts, leading to inconsistent outputs. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Yufei Li , Simin Chen , Yanghong Guo , Wei Yang , Yue Dong , Cong Liu

The problem of constrained coverage path planning involves a robot trying to cover maximum area of an environment under some constraints that appear as obstacles in the map. Out of the several coverage path planning methods, we consider…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Ankit Manerikar , Debasmit Das , Pranay Banerjee

Verifiers or reward models are often used to enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). A common approach is the Best-of-N method, where N candidate solutions generated by the LLM are ranked by a verifier, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lunjun Zhang , Arian Hosseini , Hritik Bansal , Mehran Kazemi , Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal

Vanilla Reinforcement Learning (RL) can efficiently solve complex tasks but does not provide any guarantees on system behavior. To bridge this gap, we propose a three-step safe RL procedure for continuous action spaces that provides…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Hanna Krasowski , Prithvi Akella , Aaron D. Ames , Matthias Althoff

Crash consistency is essential for applications that must persist data. Crash-consistency testing has been commonly applied to find crash-consistency bugs in applications. The crash-state space grows exponentially as the number of…

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables an agent interacting with an unknown MDP $M$ to optimise its behaviour by observing transitions sampled from $M$. A natural entity that emerges in the agent's reasoning is $\widehat{M}$, the maximum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shivaram Kalyanakrishnan , Sheel Shah , Santhosh Kumar Guguloth

A general framework is given to analyze the falsifiability of economic models based on a sample of their observable components. It is shown that, when the restrictions implied by the economic theory are insufficient to identify the unknown…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-02-25 Ivar Ekeland , Alfred Galichon , Marc Henry

The integration of Formal Verification tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a path to scale software verification beyond manual workflows. However, current methods remain unreliable: without a solid theoretical footing, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 PIerre Dantas , Lucas Cordeiro , Youcheng Sun , Waldir Junior

Cross-validation (CV) is a popular approach for assessing and selecting predictive models. However, when the number of folds is large, CV suffers from a need to repeatedly refit a learning procedure on a large number of training datasets.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-12 Ashia Wilson , Maximilian Kasy , Lester Mackey

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for tasks that implicitly reduce to Boolean satisfiability (SAT), yet their reasoning ability on SAT remains unclear. We present a systematic study of LLMs on 2-SAT and 3-SAT, together with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Leizhen Zhang , Shuhan Chen , Sheng Chen

Most uncertainty quantification (UQ) approaches provide a single scalar value as a measure of model reliability. However, different uncertainty measures could provide complementary information on the prediction confidence. Even measures…

Spoken Language Models (SLMs), which extend Large Language Models (LLMs) to perceive speech inputs, have gained increasing attention for their potential to advance speech understanding tasks. However, despite recent progress, studies show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Wenze Xu , Chun Wang , Jiazhen Yu , Sheng Chen , Liang Gao , Weihong Deng

Line coverage is the task of servicing a given set of one-dimensional features in an environment. It is important for the inspection of linear infrastructure such as road networks, power lines, and oil and gas pipelines. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Saurav Agarwal , Srinivas Akella

The increasing use of model-based tools enables further use of formal verification techniques in the context of distributed real-time systems. To avoid state explosion, it is necessary to construct verification models that focus on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Chih-Hong Cheng , Christian Buckl , Javier Esparza , Alois Knoll

Many problems that appear in biomedical decision making, such as diagnosing disease and predicting response to treatment, can be expressed as binary classification problems. The costs of false positives and false negatives vary across…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled complex reasoning abilities in large language models (LLMs). However, most RL algorithms suffer from performance saturation, preventing continued gains as RL training scales. This problem can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bolian Li , Yifan Wang , Yi Ding , Anamika Lochab , Ananth Grama , Ruqi Zhang

Most consumer-level low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have limited battery power and long charging time. Due to these energy constraints, they cannot accomplish many practical tasks, such as monitoring a sport or political event for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Jyh-Ming Lien , Sam Rodriguez , Marco Morales

The malfunction of safety-critical systems may cause damage to people and the environment. Software within those systems is rigorously designed and verified according to domain specific guidance, such as ISO26262 for automotive safety. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-09-16 Adam Nellis , Pascal Kesseli , Philippa Ryan Conmy , Daniel Kroening , Peter Schrammel , Michael Tautschnig

The line coverage problem involves finding efficient routes for the coverage of linear features by one or more resource-constrained robots. Linear features model environments like road networks, power lines, and oil and gas pipelines. Two…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Saurav Agarwal , Srinivas Akella