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We consider the initial value problem for a massless scalar field in the Schwarzschild geometry. When constructed using a complex-frequency approach the necessary Green's function splits into three components. We discuss all of these in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 Nils Andersson

The retarded Green function of a wave equation on a 4-dimensional curved background spacetime is a (generalized) function of two spacetime points and diverges when these are connected by a null geodesic. The Hadamard form makes explicit the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-17 Marc Casals , Brien Nolan

The retarded Green function for linear field perturbations of black hole spacetimes is notoriously difficult to calculate. One of the difficulties is due to a Dirac-$\delta$ divergence that the Green function possesses when the two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-11-27 Marc Casals , Brien C. Nolan , Adrian C. Ottewill , Barry Wardell

Quasinormal modes describe the return to equilibrium of a perturbed system, in particular the ringdown phase of a black hole merger. But as globally-defined quantities, the quasinormal spectrum can be highly sensitive to global structure,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-18 Lam Hui , Daniel Kabat , Sam S. C. Wong

We show analytically that the convergence of the QNM expansion of the retarded Green's function of the Schwarzschild spacetime is set by a singularity in the complex time plane. The singularity has a simple geometric origin: it is an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Paolo Arnaudo , Benjamin Withers

Linear field perturbations of a black hole are described by the Green function of the wave equation that they obey. After Fourier decomposing the Green function, its two natural contributions are given by poles (quasinormal modes) and a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Marc Casals , Adrian C. Ottewill

Quasinormal modes of spacetimes with event horizons are typically governed by a non-normal operator. This gives rise to spectral instabilities, a topic of recent interest in the black hole pseudospectrum programme. In this work we show that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-25 Javier Carballo , Benjamin Withers

The retarded Green function for linear field perturbations in Schwarzschild black hole space-time possesses a branch cut in the complex-frequency plane. This branch cut has remained largely unexplored: only asymptotic analyses either for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-14 Marc Casals , Adrian C. Ottewill

We present a formulation of the spherically decomposed Green's function for a Schwarzschild black hole, based on a decomposition into two components, $G^+$ and $G^-$, based on their large-frequency behaviour. While similar decompositions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-25 Junquan Su , Neev Khera , Marc Casals , Sizheng Ma , Abhishek Chowdhuri , Huan Yang

We present a concise review of known analytic results for quasinormal modes of black holes and related spacetimes. Our emphasis is on those regimes where the perturbation equations admit exact or perturbative solutions, providing insights…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-08 S. V. Bolokhov , Milena Skvortsova

We continue our series of papers where we study the quasinormal modes, and their excitation, of black holes in the simplest beyond general relativity model in which first-principle calculations are tractable: a nonrotating black hole in an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-15 Hector O. Silva , Giovanni Tambalo , Kostas Glampedakis , Kent Yagi

Using the Green's function representation technique, the late time behavior of localized scalar field distributions on Schwarzschild spacetimes is studied. Assuming arbitrary initial data we perform a spectral analysis, computing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-23 Juan Barranco , Argelia Bernal , Juan Carlos Degollado , Alberto Diez-Tejedor , Miguel Megevand , Miguel Alcubierre , Dario Nunez , Olivier Sarbach

Horizons of black branes have an associated entropy current with non-negative divergence. We compute this divergence in a late-time transseries expansion for an inhomogeneous system evolving towards a maximally symmetric asymptotically…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-01 Aron Jansen , Ben Meiring

We investigate the scalar, gravitational, and electromagnetic quasinormal mode spectra of Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter black holes using the numerical continued fraction method. The spectra have similar, almost linear structures. With a few…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-01 Ramin G. Daghigh , Michael D. Green , Jodin C. Morey

We propose a simple and efficient way to compute quasinormal frequencies of spherically symmetric black holes. We revisit an old idea that relates them to bound state energies of anharmonic oscillators by an analytic continuation. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-08 Yasuyuki Hatsuda

We study the quasi-normal modes of asymptotically anti-de Sitter black holes in a class of shift-symmetric Horndeski theories where a gravitational scalar is derivatively coupled to the Einstein tensor. The space-time differs from exact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-17 Ruifeng Dong , Jeremy Sakstein , Dejan Stojkovic

The 'retarded' Green function for fields propagating on a Schwarzschild black hole spacetime possesses a branch cut on the complex frequency plane. Classically, the branch cut is important, for example, in order to fully determine the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Marc Casals , Adrian C. Ottewill

Maggiore observed that, in the high-damping regime, the quasi-normal modes spectrum for the Schwarzschild black hole resembles that of a quantum harmonic oscillator. Motivated by this observation, we describe a black hole as a statistical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-15 Mariano Cadoni , Mauro Oi , Andrea P. Sanna

We investigate the poles of the retarded Green's functions of strongly coupled field theories exhibiting a variety of phase structures from a crossover up to different first order phase transitions. These theories are modeled by a dual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-06-15 Romuald A. Janik , Jakub Jankowski , Hesam Soltanpanahi

In this article, we demonstrate how black hole quasi-normal modes can emerge from a Dirichlet brickwall model normal modes. We consider a probe scalar field in a BTZ geometry with a Dirichlet brickwall and demonstrate that as the wall…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-12 Souvik Banerjee , Suman Das , Moritz Dorband , Arnab Kundu
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