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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 BigScience Workshop , : , Teven Le Scao , Angela Fan , Christopher Akiki , Ellie Pavlick , Suzana Ilić , Daniel Hesslow , Roman Castagné , Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , François Yvon , Matthias Gallé , Jonathan Tow , Alexander M. Rush , Stella Biderman , Albert Webson , Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi , Thomas Wang , Benoît Sagot , Niklas Muennighoff , Albert Villanova del Moral , Olatunji Ruwase , Rachel Bawden , Stas Bekman , Angelina McMillan-Major , Iz Beltagy , Huu Nguyen , Lucile Saulnier , Samson Tan , Pedro Ortiz Suarez , Victor Sanh , Hugo Laurençon , Yacine Jernite , Julien Launay , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Aaron Gokaslan , Adi Simhi , Aitor Soroa , Alham Fikri Aji , Amit Alfassy , Anna Rogers , Ariel Kreisberg Nitzav , Canwen Xu , Chenghao Mou , Chris Emezue , Christopher Klamm , Colin Leong , Daniel van Strien , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Dragomir Radev , Eduardo González Ponferrada , Efrat Levkovizh , Ethan Kim , Eyal Bar Natan , Francesco De Toni , Gérard Dupont , Germán Kruszewski , Giada Pistilli , Hady Elsahar , Hamza Benyamina , Hieu Tran , Ian Yu , Idris Abdulmumin , Isaac Johnson , Itziar Gonzalez-Dios , Javier de la Rosa , Jenny Chim , Jesse Dodge , Jian Zhu , Jonathan Chang , Jörg Frohberg , Joseph Tobing , Joydeep Bhattacharjee , Khalid Almubarak , Kimbo Chen , Kyle Lo , Leandro Von Werra , Leon Weber , Long Phan , Loubna Ben allal , Ludovic Tanguy , Manan Dey , Manuel Romero Muñoz , Maraim Masoud , María Grandury , Mario Šaško , Max Huang , Maximin Coavoux , Mayank Singh , Mike Tian-Jian Jiang , Minh Chien Vu , Mohammad A. Jauhar , Mustafa Ghaleb , Nishant Subramani , Nora Kassner , Nurulaqilla Khamis , Olivier Nguyen , Omar Espejel , Ona de Gibert , Paulo Villegas , Peter Henderson , Pierre Colombo , Priscilla Amuok , Quentin Lhoest , Rheza Harliman , Rishi Bommasani , Roberto Luis López , Rui Ribeiro , Salomey Osei , Sampo Pyysalo , Sebastian Nagel , Shamik Bose , Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad , Shanya Sharma , Shayne Longpre , Somaieh Nikpoor , Stanislav Silberberg , Suhas Pai , Sydney Zink , Tiago Timponi Torrent , Timo Schick , Tristan Thrush , Valentin Danchev , Vassilina Nikoulina , Veronika Laippala , Violette Lepercq , Vrinda Prabhu , Zaid Alyafeai , Zeerak Talat , Arun Raja , Benjamin Heinzerling , Chenglei Si , Davut Emre Taşar , Elizabeth Salesky , Sabrina J. Mielke , Wilson Y. Lee , Abheesht Sharma , Andrea Santilli , Antoine Chaffin , Arnaud Stiegler , Debajyoti Datta , Eliza Szczechla , Gunjan Chhablani , Han Wang , Harshit Pandey , Hendrik Strobelt , Jason Alan Fries , Jos Rozen , Leo Gao , Lintang Sutawika , M Saiful Bari , Maged S. Al-shaibani , Matteo Manica , Nihal Nayak , Ryan Teehan , Samuel Albanie , Sheng Shen , Srulik Ben-David , Stephen H. Bach , Taewoon Kim , Tali Bers , Thibault Fevry , Trishala Neeraj , Urmish Thakker , Vikas Raunak , Xiangru Tang , Zheng-Xin Yong , Zhiqing Sun , Shaked Brody , Yallow Uri , Hadar Tojarieh , Adam Roberts , Hyung Won Chung , Jaesung Tae , Jason Phang , Ofir Press , Conglong Li , Deepak Narayanan , Hatim Bourfoune , Jared Casper , Jeff Rasley , Max Ryabinin , Mayank Mishra , Minjia Zhang , Mohammad Shoeybi , Myriam Peyrounette , Nicolas Patry , Nouamane Tazi , Omar Sanseviero , Patrick von Platen , Pierre Cornette , Pierre François Lavallée , Rémi Lacroix , Samyam Rajbhandari , Sanchit Gandhi , Shaden Smith , Stéphane Requena , Suraj Patil , Tim Dettmers , Ahmed Baruwa , Amanpreet Singh , Anastasia Cheveleva , Anne-Laure Ligozat , Arjun Subramonian , Aurélie Névéol , Charles Lovering , Dan Garrette , Deepak Tunuguntla , Ehud Reiter , Ekaterina Taktasheva , Ekaterina Voloshina , Eli Bogdanov , Genta Indra Winata , Hailey Schoelkopf , Jan-Christoph Kalo , Jekaterina Novikova , Jessica Zosa Forde , Jordan Clive , Jungo Kasai , Ken Kawamura , Liam Hazan , Marine Carpuat , Miruna Clinciu , Najoung Kim , Newton Cheng , Oleg Serikov , Omer Antverg , Oskar van der Wal , Rui Zhang , Ruochen Zhang , Sebastian Gehrmann , Shachar Mirkin , Shani Pais , Tatiana Shavrina , Thomas Scialom , Tian Yun , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Verena Rieser , Vitaly Protasov , Vladislav Mikhailov , Yada Pruksachatkun , Yonatan Belinkov , Zachary Bamberger , Zdeněk Kasner , Alice Rueda , Amanda Pestana , Amir Feizpour , Ammar Khan , Amy Faranak , Ana Santos , Anthony Hevia , Antigona Unldreaj , Arash Aghagol , Arezoo Abdollahi , Aycha Tammour , Azadeh HajiHosseini , Bahareh Behroozi , Benjamin Ajibade , Bharat Saxena , Carlos Muñoz Ferrandis , Daniel McDuff , Danish Contractor , David Lansky , Davis David , Douwe Kiela , Duong A. Nguyen , Edward Tan , Emi Baylor , Ezinwanne Ozoani , Fatima Mirza , Frankline Ononiwu , Habib Rezanejad , Hessie Jones , Indrani Bhattacharya , Irene Solaiman , Irina Sedenko , Isar Nejadgholi , Jesse Passmore , Josh Seltzer , Julio Bonis Sanz , Livia Dutra , Mairon Samagaio , Maraim Elbadri , Margot Mieskes , Marissa Gerchick , Martha Akinlolu , Michael McKenna , Mike Qiu , Muhammed Ghauri , Mykola Burynok , Nafis Abrar , Nazneen Rajani , Nour Elkott , Nour Fahmy , Olanrewaju Samuel , Ran An , Rasmus Kromann , Ryan Hao , Samira Alizadeh , Sarmad Shubber , Silas Wang , Sourav Roy , Sylvain Viguier , Thanh Le , Tobi Oyebade , Trieu Le , Yoyo Yang , Zach Nguyen , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Alfredo Palasciano , Alison Callahan , Anima Shukla , Antonio Miranda-Escalada , Ayush Singh , Benjamin Beilharz , Bo Wang , Caio Brito , Chenxi Zhou , Chirag Jain , Chuxin Xu , Clémentine Fourrier , Daniel León Periñán , Daniel Molano , Dian Yu , Enrique Manjavacas , Fabio Barth , Florian Fuhrimann , Gabriel Altay , Giyaseddin Bayrak , Gully Burns , Helena U. Vrabec , Imane Bello , Ishani Dash , Jihyun Kang , John Giorgi , Jonas Golde , Jose David Posada , Karthik Rangasai Sivaraman , Lokesh Bulchandani , Lu Liu , Luisa Shinzato , Madeleine Hahn de Bykhovetz , Maiko Takeuchi , Marc Pàmies , Maria A Castillo , Marianna Nezhurina , Mario Sänger , Matthias Samwald , Michael Cullan , Michael Weinberg , Michiel De Wolf , Mina Mihaljcic , Minna Liu , Moritz Freidank , Myungsun Kang , Natasha Seelam , Nathan Dahlberg , Nicholas Michio Broad , Nikolaus Muellner , Pascale Fung , Patrick Haller , Ramya Chandrasekhar , Renata Eisenberg , Robert Martin , Rodrigo Canalli , Rosaline Su , Ruisi Su , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Samuele Garda , Shlok S Deshmukh , Shubhanshu Mishra , Sid Kiblawi , Simon Ott , Sinee Sang-aroonsiri , Srishti Kumar , Stefan Schweter , Sushil Bharati , Tanmay Laud , Théo Gigant , Tomoya Kainuma , Wojciech Kusa , Yanis Labrak , Yash Shailesh Bajaj , Yash Venkatraman , Yifan Xu , Yingxin Xu , Yu Xu , Zhe Tan , Zhongli Xie , Zifan Ye , Mathilde Bras , Younes Belkada , Thomas Wolf

System models, a critical artifact in software development, provide a formal abstraction of both the structural and behavioral aspects of software systems, which can facilitate the early requirements analysis and architecture design.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Dongming Jin , Zhi Jin , Linyu Li , Zheng Fang , Jia Li , Xiaohong Chen

Testing is an integral part of the software development process. Yet, writing tests is time-consuming and therefore often neglected. Classical test generation tools such as EvoSuite generate behavioral test suites by optimizing for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Nikitha Rao , Kush Jain , Uri Alon , Claire Le Goues , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

The increasing complexity of software systems has driven significant advancements in program analysis, as traditional methods unable to meet the demands of modern software development. To address these limitations, deep learning techniques,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jiayimei Wang , Tao Ni , Wei-Bin Lee , Qingchuan Zhao

We present an ongoing initiative to provide open, very large, high-quality, and richly annotated textual datasets for almost 200 languages. At 30 trillion tokens, this is likely the largest generally available multilingual collection of LLM…

Large Language Model (LLM)-generated data is increasingly used in software analytics, but it is unclear how this data compares to human-written data, particularly when models are exposed to adversarial scenarios. Adversarial attacks can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Md. Abdul Awal , Mrigank Rochan , Chanchal K. Roy

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for understanding their capabilities and limitations across various applications, including natural language processing and code generation. Existing benchmarks like MMLU, C-Eval, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Pengfei Jing , Mengyun Tang , Xiaorong Shi , Xing Zheng , Sen Nie , Shi Wu , Yong Yang , Xiapu Luo

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend, reason, and generate following nature language instructions. However, the development of LLMs has been primarily focused on high-resource languages, such as English,…

A Large Language Model (LLM) represents a cutting-edge artificial intelligence model that generates coherent content, including grammatically precise sentences, human-like paragraphs, and syntactically accurate code snippets. LLMs can play…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Robson Santos , Italo Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Ransomware remains a critical threat to cybersecurity, yet publicly available datasets for training machine learning-based ransomware detection models are scarce and often have limited sample size, diversity, and reproducibility. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Faithful Chiagoziem Onwuegbuche , Adelodun Olaoluwa , Anca Delia Jurcut , Liliana Pasquale

LLMs are increasingly explored for malware analysis; however, current LLM-based malware attribution remains limited by unsupported indicators and insufficient code-level grounding for identifying malicious and vulnerable code segments. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Christopher G. Pedraza Pohlenz , Hassan Jalil Hadi , Ali Hassan , Ali Shoker

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the widespread deployment of LLM-based systems across diverse domains. As these systems proliferate, understanding the risks associated with their complex supply chains is increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yujie Ma , Lili Quan , Xiaofei Xie , Qiang Hu , Jiongchi Yu , Yao Zhang , Sen Chen

This paper proposes a pipeline for quantitatively evaluating interactive Large Language Models (LLMs) using publicly available datasets. We carry out an extensive technical evaluation of LLMs using Big-Vul covering four different common…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xin Yin , Chao Ni , Shaohua Wang

Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) on traditional natural language processing tasks, their planning ability remains a critical bottleneck in tackling complex multi-step reasoning tasks. Existing approaches mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jiaxin Wen , Jian Guan , Hongning Wang , Wei Wu , Minlie Huang

Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bettina Messmer , Vinko Sabolčec , Martin Jaggi

Data science plays a critical role in biomedical research, but it requires professionals with expertise in coding and medical data analysis. Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in supporting medical tasks and performing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Zifeng Wang , Benjamin Danek , Ziwei Yang , Zheng Chen , Jimeng Sun

The recent advancements of Small Language Models (SLMs) have opened new possibilities for efficient code generation. SLMs offer lightweight and cost-effective alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), making them attractive for use in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Mahade Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Juha Ala-Rantala , Pekka Abrahamsson

The coding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have opened up new opportunities for automatic statistical analysis in machine learning and data science. However, before their widespread adoption, it is crucial to assess the…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-26 Xinyi Song , Lina Lee , Kexin Xie , Xueying Liu , Xinwei Deng , Yili Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, with code generation emerging as a key area of focus. While numerous benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate their code generation abilities,…

The rapid evolution of malware variants requires robust classification methods to enhance cybersecurity. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential for generating malware descriptions to aid family classification, their utility is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ivan Montoya Sanchez , Shaswata Mitra , Aritran Piplai , Sudip Mittal