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As distance learning becomes increasingly important and artificial intelligence tools continue to advance, automated systems for individual learning have attracted significant attention. However, the scarcity of open-source online tools…

Timely and high-quality feedback is essential for effective learning in programming courses; yet, providing such support at scale remains a challenge. While AI-based systems offer scalable and immediate help, their responses can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tung Phung , Heeryung Choi , Mengyan Wu , Christopher Brooks , Sumit Gulwani , Adish Singla

Effective personalized feedback is critical to students' literacy development. Though LLM-powered tools now promise to automate such feedback at scale, LLMs are not language-neutral: they privilege standard academic English and reproduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Mei Tan , Lena Phalen , Dorottya Demszky

Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge conventional automated programming assessment because students can now produce functionally correct code without demonstrating corresponding understanding. This paper makes two contributions. First, it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Eduard Frankford , Erik Cikalleshi , Ruth Breu

Effective feedback is essential for fostering students' success in scientific inquiry. With advancements in artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for delivering instant and adaptive feedback. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kathrin Seßler , Arne Bewersdorff , Claudia Nerdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

Programs are a kind of communication to both computers and people, hence as students are trained to write programs they need to learn to write well-designed, readable code rather than code that simply functions correctly. The difficulty in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-08 J. Walker Orr

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) assigns scores to student essays, reducing the grading workload for instructors. Developing a scoring system capable of handling essays across diverse prompts is challenging due to the flexibility and diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhaoyi Joey Hou , Alejandro Ciuba , Xiang Lorraine Li

Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) with generative large language models (LLMs) has recently demonstrated strong performance without task-specific fine-tuning, while also enabling the generation of synthetic feedback for educational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Longwei Cong , Sonja Hahn , Sebastian Gombert , Leon Camus , Hendrik Drachsler , Ulf Kroehne

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate feedback, yet their impact on learning remains underexplored, especially compared to existing feedback methods. This study investigates how on-demand LLM-generated explanatory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Danielle R. Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Shambhavi Bhushan , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth R. Koedinger

The increasing demand for programming language education and growing class sizes require immediate and personalized feedback. However, traditional code review methods have limitations in providing this level of feedback. As the capabilities…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lee Dong-Kyu

While large language models (LLMs) challenge conventional methods of teaching and learning, they present an exciting opportunity to improve efficiency and scale high-quality instruction. One promising application is the generation of…

Assessing student's answers and in particular natural language answers is a crucial challenge in the field of education. Advances in machine learning, including transformer-based models such as Large Language Models(LLMs), have led to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Priti Oli , Rabin Banjade , Jeevan Chapagain , Vasile Rus

Large Language Models have introduced new possibilities for programming education through personalized support, content creation, and automated feedback. While recent studies have demonstrated the potential for feedback generation, many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Smitha S Kumar , Michael A Lones , Manuel Maarek , Hind Zantout

This project examines the prospect of using AI-generated feedback as suggestions to expedite and enhance human instructors' feedback provision. In particular, we focus on understanding the teaching assistants' perspectives on the quality of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xinyi Lu , Aditya Mahesh , Zejia Shen , Mitchell Dudley , Larissa Sano , Xu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a leap in artificial intelligence, excelling in tasks using human language(s). Although the main focus of general-purpose LLMs is not code generation, they have shown promising results in the domain.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Sanka Rasnayaka , Guanlin Wang , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer

Assessments help in evaluating the knowledge gained by a learner at any specific point as well as in continuous improvement of the curriculum design and the whole learning process. However, with the increase in students' enrollment at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Muhammad Salman Khan , Adnan Ahmad , Muhammad Humayoun

This work-in-progress research-to-practice paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the code-review process for open-source software projects developed in computer science and software engineering courses. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Dhruv Kolhatkar , Soubhagya Akkena , Edward F. Gehringer

This work investigates the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating ABAP code. Despite successful applications of generative AI in many programming languages, there are hardly any systematic analyses of ABAP code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Stephan Wallraven , Tim Köhne , Hartmut Westenberger , Andreas Moser

Automatic short answer scoring (ASAS) helps reduce the grading burden on educators but often lacks detailed, explainable feedback. Existing methods in ASAS with feedback (ASAS-F) rely on fine-tuning language models with limited datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Menna Fateen , Bo Wang , Tsunenori Mine

Providing timely and personalized feedback to large numbers of students is a long-standing challenge in programming courses. Relying on human teaching assistants (TAs) has been extensively studied, revealing a number of potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Paul Denny , Stephen MacNeil , Jaromir Savelka , Leo Porter , Andrew Luxton-Reilly