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We establish the prime geodesic theorem for the modular surface with exponent $\frac{2}{3}+\varepsilon$, improving upon the long-standing exponent $\frac{25}{36}+\varepsilon$ of Soundararajan-Young (2013). This was previously known…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Ikuya Kaneko

We present the geometry lying behind counting twin prime polynomials in $\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ in general. We compute cohomology and explicitly count points by means of a twisted Lefschetz trace formula applied to these parametrizing varieties…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-13 Lior Bary-Soroker , Jakob Stix

Dirichlet's proof of infinitely many primes in arithmetic progressions was published in 1837, introduced L-series for the first time, and it is said to have started rigorous analytic number theory. Dirichlet uses Euler's earlier work on the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2014-11-25 Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

In 2016, Dummit, Granville, and Kisilevsky showed that the proportion of semiprimes (products of two primes) not exceeding a given $x$, whose factors are congruent to $3$ modulo $4$, is more than a quarter when $x$ is sufficiently large.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Nikola Gyulev , Miroslav Marinov

We prove a couple of related theorems including Legendre's and Andrica's conjecture. Key to the proofs is an algorithm that delivers the exact upper bound on the greatest gap that can occur in a combinatorial game with the set of P primes…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-08-11 Jens Oehlschlägel

We continue to study the distribution of prime numbers $p$, satisfying the condition $\{ p^{\alpha} \} \in I \subset [0; 1)$, in arithmetic progressions. In the paper, we prove an analogue of Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem for $0 < \alpha <…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-13 Andrei Shubin

Partitions of the set of primes are introduced based on the Chebyshev polynomials at rationals. The prime densities of all such partitions are established. Euler's Criterion for $SL(2,\mathbb Q)$ is formulated, which is the bridge between…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Maciej P. Wojtkowski

The Bergelson-Leibman theorem states that if P_1, ..., P_k are polynomials with integer coefficients, then any subset of the integers of positive upper density contains a polynomial configuration x+P_1(m), ..., x+P_k(m), where x,m are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-14 Thai Hoang Le , Julia Wolf

A major theme in arithmetic combinatorics is proving multiple recurrence results on semigroups (such as Szemer\'edi's theorem) and this can often be done using methods of ergodic Ramsey theory. What usually lies at the heart of such proofs…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-04-18 Anush Tserunyan

We improve Bombieri's asymptotic sieve to localise the variables. As a consequence, we prove, under a Elliott-Halberstam conjecture, that there exists an infinity of twins almost prime. Those are prime numbers $p$ such that for all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Nathalie Debouzy

We establish unconditional $\Omega$-results for all weighted even moments of primes in arithmetic progressions. We also study the moments of these moments and establish lower bounds under GRH. Finally, under GRH and LI we prove an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Régis de la Bretèche , Daniel Fiorilli

In this paper we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of solutions in prime numbers to systems of simultaneous linear inequalities with algebraic coefficients. For $m$ simultaneous inequalities we require at least $m+2$ variables,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Aled Walker

A geometric-arithmetic progression of primes is a set of $k$ primes (denoted by GAP-$k$) of the form $p_1 r^j + j d$ for fixed $p_1$, $r$ and $d$ and consecutive $j$, {\it i.e}, $\{p_1, \, p_1 r + d, \, p_1 r^2 + 2 d, \, p_1 r^3 + 3 d,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-15 Sameen Ahmed Khan

We show that all natural numbers $n\equiv 4\pmod 6$ are the sum of two Chen primes (primes $p$ such that $p+2$ has at most two prime factors), apart from a power-saving set of exceptions. This improves on various previous results and is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Lasse Grimmelt , Joni Teräväinen

To determine whether a number is congruent or not is an old and difficult topic and progress is slow. The paper presents a new theorem when a prime number is a congruent number or not. The proof is not necessarily any simpler or shorter…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Jorma Jormakka , Sourangshu Ghosh

Let $(X,B_X,\mu,T)$ be a measure-preserving probability system with $T$ is invertible. Suppose that $A\in B_X$ with $\mu(A)>0$ and $\epsilon>0$. For any $m\geq 1$, there exist infinitely many primes $p_0,p_1,\ldots,p_m$ with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-22 Hao Pan

We prove a generalisation of Vinogradov's theorem by finding for $m\geqslant 3$ and fixed positive integers $c_1, \dots ,c_m, r_1, \dots , r_m$ the asymptotics of the number of sequences $(n_1, \dots ,n_m) \in \mathbf{N}^{m}$ such that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-21 Paweł Lewulis

We prove the twin prime conjecture and the generalized conjectures of Kronecker and Polignac. Key to the proofs is a new theoretical sieve that combines two concepts that go back to Eratosthenes: the 'sieve' filtering a finite set of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-12-09 Jens Oehlschlägel

A few years ago we identified a recursion that works directly with the gaps among the generators in each stage of Eratosthenes sieve. This recursion provides explicit enumerations of sequences of gaps among the generators, which sequences…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-09 Fred B. Holt

Using the Rowland idea, we find two infinite sets of generators of primes. We also pose some conjectures concerning twin primes.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Vladimir Shevelev
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