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The application of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in Autonomous Driving (AD) faces significant challenges due to their limited training on traffic-specific data and the absence of dedicated benchmarks for spatiotemporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Korawat Charoenpitaks , Van-Quang Nguyen , Masanori Suganuma , Kentaro Arai , Seiji Totsuka , Hiroshi Ino , Takayuki Okatani

Vision language models (VLMs) perform well on many tasks but often fail at spatial reasoning, which is essential for navigation and interaction with physical environments. Many spatial reasoning tasks depend on fundamental two-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yihong Tang , Ao Qu , Zhaokai Wang , Dingyi Zhuang , Zhaofeng Wu , Wei Ma , Shenhao Wang , Yunhan Zheng , Zhan Zhao , Jinhua Zhao

With the recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and other general foundation models, there is growing potential for multimodal, multi-task embodied agents that can operate in diverse environments given…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Haochen Zhang , Nader Zantout , Pujith Kachana , Zongyuan Wu , Ji Zhang , Wenshan Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress in perception, understanding, and reasoning, yet existing benchmarks fall short in evaluating these abilities under continuous and dynamic real-world video streams. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Shuhang Xun , Sicheng Tao , Jungang Li , Yibo Shi , Zhixin Lin , Zhanhui Zhu , Yibo Yan , Hanqian Li , Linghao Zhang , Shikang Wang , Yixin Liu , Hanbo Zhang , Ying Ma , Xuming Hu

Recent advances in 3D datasets and multimodal models have greatly improved natural language 3D scene understanding. However, most 3D referring segmentation methods do not explicitly represent the observer viewpoint, making spatial relations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ayaka Nanri , Klara Reichard , Mert Kiray , Federico Tombari , Benjamin Busam , Asako Kanezaki

We introduce Blueprint-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate spatial reasoning capabilities in AI models through the task of converting apartment photographs into accurate 2D floor plans. While the input modality (photographs) is well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Lukas Petersson , Axel Backlund , Axel Wennstöm , Hanna Petersson , Callum Sharrock , Arash Dabiri

Guide dog robots offer promising solutions to enhance mobility and safety for visually impaired individuals, addressing the limitations of traditional guide dogs, particularly in perceptual intelligence and communication. With the emergence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-13 ByungOk Han , Woo-han Yun , Beom-Su Seo , Jaehong Kim

3D visual grounding has made notable progress in localizing objects within complex 3D scenes. However, grounding referring expressions beyond objects in 3D scenes remains unexplored. In this paper, we introduce Anywhere3D-Bench, a holistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tianxu Wang , Zhuofan Zhang , Ziyu Zhu , Yue Fan , Jing Xiong , Pengxiang Li , Xiaojian Ma , Qing Li

Object orientation understanding represents a fundamental challenge in visual perception critical for applications like robotic manipulation and augmented reality. Current vision-language benchmarks fail to isolate this capability, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Nazia Tasnim , Keanu Nichols , Yuting Yan , Nicholas Ikechukwu , Elva Zou , Deepti Ghadiyaram , Bryan A. Plummer

This paper introduces Scene-LLM, a 3D-visual-language model that enhances embodied agents' abilities in interactive 3D indoor environments by integrating the reasoning strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs). Scene-LLM adopts a hybrid 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Rao Fu , Jingyu Liu , Xilun Chen , Yixin Nie , Wenhan Xiong

This paper presents a Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) based system for reasoning about high speed motion. As a representative scenario, we consider the case of a robot at rest reacting to a small, fast approaching object at speeds higher than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Anthony Bisulco , Fernando Cladera Ojeda , Volkan Isler , Daniel D. Lee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly in multimodal perception and language understanding, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably ground language into spatially coherent, plausibly executable actions in 3D digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Niyati Rawal , Sushant Ravva , Shah Alam Abir , Saksham Jain , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Suranjana Trivedy , Amitava Das

Object state recognition aims to identify the specific condition of objects, such as their positional states (e.g., open or closed) and functional states (e.g., on or off). While recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mahiro Ukai , Shuhei Kurita , Nakamasa Inoue

This review provides a systematic analysis of comprehensive survey of 3D object detection with vision-language models(VLMs) , a rapidly advancing area at the intersection of 3D vision and multimodal AI. By examining over 100 research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ranjan Sapkota , Konstantinos I Roumeliotis , Rahul Harsha Cheppally , Marco Flores Calero , Manoj Karkee

For human cognitive process, spatial reasoning and perception are closely entangled, yet the nature of this interplay remains underexplored in the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent MLLM advancements show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Huanyu Zhang , Qingtao Li , Zeyu Gao , Yan Xia , José Hernández-Orallo , Ivan Vulić , Furu Wei

With the increasing integration of visual and textual content in Social Networking Services (SNS), evaluating the multimodal capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing user experience, content understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongcheng Guo , Zheyong Xie , Shaosheng Cao , Boyang Wang , Weiting Liu , Anjie Le , Lei Li , Zhoujun Li

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Fatemeh Shiri , Xiao-Yu Guo , Mona Golestan Far , Xin Yu , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at many vision tasks, it is unknown if they exhibit human-like perceptual behaviors. To evaluate this, we introduce HVSBench, the first large-scale benchmark with over 85,000 samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jiaying Lin , Shuquan Ye , Dan Xu , Wanli Ouyang , Rynson W. H. Lau

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently witnessed significant progress in visual comprehension. As the permitting length of image context grows, VLMs can now comprehend a broader range of views and spaces. Current benchmarks provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yiqi Zhu , Ziyue Wang , Can Zhang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Existing benchmarks for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) primarily evaluate spatio-temporal understanding on simple single-action videos, closed attribute sets and restricted entity types, failing to capture the freeform, multi-action…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Alejandro Aparcedo , Akash Kumar , Aaryan Garg , Dalton Pham , Wen-Kai Chen , Anirudh Bharadwaj , Aman Chadha , Yogesh Rawat