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The emergence of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has significantly advanced video understanding capabilities. However, existing benchmarks focus predominantly on coarse-grained tasks such as action segmentation, classification,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Aditya Chetan , Eric Cai , Peeyush Kushwaha , Bharath Raj Nagoor Kani , Utkarsh Mall , Qianqian Wang , Noah Snavely , Bharath Hariharan

Vision Language Models (VLMs) perform well on standard video tasks but struggle with physics-related reasoning involving motion dynamics and spatial interactions. We present a novel approach to address this gap by translating physical-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiyang Wu , Zongxia Li , Jihui Jin , Guangyao Shi , Gouthaman KV , Vishnu Raj , Nilotpal Sinha , Jingxi Chen , Fan Du , Dinesh Manocha

Robot vision has greatly benefited from advancements in multimodal fusion techniques and vision-language models (VLMs). We adopt a task-oriented perspective to systematically review the applications and advancements of multimodal fusion…

Current evaluations of spatial intelligence can be systematically invalid under modern vision-language model (VLM) settings. First, many benchmarks derive question-answer (QA) pairs from point-cloud-based 3D annotations originally curated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yiming Zhang , Jiacheng Chen , Jiaqi Tan , Yongsen Mao , Wenhu Chen , Angel X. Chang

Spatial intelligence (SI) represents a cognitive ability encompassing the visualization, manipulation, and reasoning about spatial relationships, underpinning disciplines from neuroscience to robotics. We introduce SITE, a benchmark dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wenqi Wang , Reuben Tan , Pengyue Zhu , Jianwei Yang , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Andrey Kolobov , Jianfeng Gao , Boqing Gong

Spatial relations are a basic part of human cognition. However, they are expressed in natural language in a variety of ways, and previous work has suggested that current vision-and-language models (VLMs) struggle to capture relational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Fangyu Liu , Guy Emerson , Nigel Collier

Spatial reasoning is a critical capability for intelligent robots, yet current vision-language models (VLMs) still fall short of human-level performance in video-based spatial reasoning. This gap mainly stems from two challenges: a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zuntao Liu , Yi Du , Taimeng Fu , Shaoshu Su , Cherie Ho , Chen Wang

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diankun Wu , Fangfu Liu , Yi-Hsin Hung , Yueqi Duan

Deep spatiotemporal models are used in a variety of computer vision tasks, such as action recognition and video object segmentation. Currently, there is a limited understanding of what information is captured by these models in their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Matthew Kowal , Mennatullah Siam , Md Amirul Islam , Neil D. B. Bruce , Richard P. Wildes , Konstantinos G. Derpanis

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

Multi-view understanding, the ability to reconcile visual information across diverse viewpoints for effective navigation, manipulation, and 3D scene comprehension, is a fundamental challenge in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chun-Hsiao Yeh , Chenyu Wang , Shengbang Tong , Ta-Ying Cheng , Ruoyu Wang , Tianzhe Chu , Yuexiang Zhai , Yubei Chen , Shenghua Gao , Yi Ma

Humans naturally understand 3D spatial relationships, enabling complex reasoning like predicting collisions of vehicles from different directions. Current large multimodal models (LMMs), however, lack of this capability of 3D spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wufei Ma , Luoxin Ye , Celso M de Melo , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille

Top-down images play an important role in safety-critical settings such as autonomous navigation and aerial surveillance, where they provide holistic spatial information that front-view images cannot capture. Despite this, Vision Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Kaiyuan Hou , Minghui Zhao , Lilin Xu , Yuang Fan , Xiaofan Jiang

Recently spatial-temporal intelligence of Visual-Language Models (VLMs) has attracted much attention due to its importance for autonomous driving, embodied AI and general AI. Existing spatial-temporal benchmarks mainly focus on egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Qinghongbing Xie , Zhaoyuan Xia , Feng Zhu , Lijun Gong , Ziyue Li , Rui Zhao , Long Zeng

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Assessing progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires multi-step reasoning over visual cues, contextual knowledge, and development indicators, where incomplete evidence use and imperfect evidence integration can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zihang Lin , Huaiyuan Qin , Muli Yang , Hongyuan Zhu

Streaming vision-language models (VLMs) continuously generate responses given an instruction prompt and an online stream of input frames. This is a core mechanism for real-time visual assistants. Existing VLM frameworks predominantly assess…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Cem Koc , Fartash Faghri , Chun-Liang Li , Bo Feng , Zhengfeng Lai , Meng Cao , Oncel Tuzel , Hadi Pouransari

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

We investigate the ability of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to perform visual perspective taking using a new set of visual tasks inspired by established human tests. Our approach leverages carefully controlled scenes in which a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Gracjan Góral , Alicja Ziarko , Piotr Miłoś , Michał Nauman , Maciej Wołczyk , Michał Kosiński

Solid geometry problem solving demands spatial mathematical reasoning that integrates spatial intelligence and symbolic reasoning. However, most existing multimodal mathematical reasoning benchmarks focus primarily on 2D plane geometry,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Changti Wu , Shijie Lian , Zihao Liu , Lei Zhang , Laurence Tianruo Yang , Kai Chen