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Although LLM agents can leverage tools for complex tasks, they still need memory to maintain cross-turn consistency and accumulate reusable information in long-horizon interactions. However, retrieval-based external memory systems incur low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Shuxu Chen , Zhenzhen Huang , Pengcheng Zheng , Zhicheng Wang , Ping Guo , Fan Mo , Sung-Ho Bae , Jie Zou , Jiwei Wei , Yang Yang

To support long-term interaction in complex environments, LLM agents require memory systems that manage historical experiences. Existing approaches either retain full interaction histories via passive context extension, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiaqi Liu , Yaofeng Su , Peng Xia , Siwei Han , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in user-facing applications require long-horizon consistency: the ability to remember prior interactions, respect user preferences, and ground reasoning in past events. However, contemporary memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daivik Patel , Shrenik Patel

Existing memory-augmented LLM agents often treat memory as a static repository with pre-defined representations and fixed retrieval pipelines, which is brittle in dynamic agentic environments where feedback, task variation, and…

Memory systems often organize user-agent interactions as retrievable external memory and are crucial for long-running agents by overcoming the limited context windows of LLMs. However, existing memory systems invoke LLMs to process every…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zijie Dai , Shiyuan Deng , Sheng Guan , Yizhou Tian , Xin Yao , Xiao Yan , James Cheng

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational and memory constraints when processing long contexts, despite growing demand for applications requiring reasoning over extensive documents, multi-session dialogues, and book length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chandra Vamsi Krishna Alla , Harish Naidu Gaddam , Manohar Kommi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in complex reasoning tasks, but their efficiency is hindered by the substantial memory and computational costs associated with generating lengthy tokens. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jintian Zhang , Yuqi Zhu , Mengshu Sun , Yujie Luo , Shuofei Qiao , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Long-term conversational large language model (LLM) agents require memory systems that can recover relevant evidence from historical interactions without overwhelming the answer stage with irrelevant context. However, existing memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shuqi Cao , Jingyi He , Fei Tan

Large language models (LLMs) excel at single-turn reasoning but often lose accuracy and coherence over extended, multi-turn interactions. Recent evaluations such as TurnBench highlight recurring failure modes-reasoning bias, task drift,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yiran Zhang , Jincheng Hu , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many NLP tasks but struggle to sustain long-term interactions due to limited attention over extended dialogue histories. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this issue but lacks reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chunliang Chen , Ming Guan , Xiao Lin , Jiaxu Li , Luxi Lin , Qiyi Wang , Xiangyu Chen , Jixiang Luo , Changzhi Sun , Dell Zhang , Xuelong Li

Existing memory systems enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to support long-horizon human-LLM interactions by persisting historical interactions beyond limited context windows. However, while recent approaches have succeeded in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haidong Xin , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Large language model (LLM) agents face fundamental limitations in long-horizon reasoning due to finite context windows, making effective memory management critical. Existing methods typically handle long-term memory (LTM) and short-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yi Yu , Liuyi Yao , Yuexiang Xie , Qingquan Tan , Jiaqi Feng , Yaliang Li , Libing Wu

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning, yet their efficiency is limited by the surging cognitive overhead of long thought traces. In this paper, we propose LightThinker, a method that enables LLMs to dynamically compress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Zhenjie Wan , Yujie Luo , Shuofei Qiao , Zhengke Gui , Da Zheng , Lei Liang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Long-term conversational agents need memory systems that capture relationships between events, not merely isolated facts, to support temporal reasoning and multi-hop question answering. Current approaches face a fundamental trade-off: flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Buqiang Xu , Yijun Chen , Jizhan Fang , Ruobin Zhong , Yunzhi Yao , Yuqi Zhu , Lun Du , Shumin Deng

Large language models (LLMs) excel in generating coherent text, but they often struggle with context awareness, leading to inaccuracies in tasks requiring faithful adherence to provided information. We introduce FastMem, a novel method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Junyi Zhu , Shuochen Liu , Yu Yu , Bo Tang , Yibo Yan , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Tong Xu , Matthew B. Blaschko

Large Language Models (LLMs) are constrained by their inability to process lengthy inputs, resulting in the loss of critical historical information. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose the Self-Controlled Memory (SCM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bing Wang , Xinnian Liang , Jian Yang , Hui Huang , Shuangzhi Wu , Peihao Wu , Lu Lu , Zejun Ma , Zhoujun Li

Equipping large language models (LLMs) with latent-space memory has attracted increasing attention as they can extend the context window of existing language models. However, retaining information from the distant past remains a challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yu Wang , Dmitry Krotov , Yuanzhe Hu , Yifan Gao , Wangchunshu Zhou , Julian McAuley , Dan Gutfreund , Rogerio Feris , Zexue He
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