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Tumors can manifest in various forms and in different areas of the human body. Brain tumors are specifically hard to diagnose and treat because of the complexity of the organ in which they develop. Detecting them in time can lower the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Antonio Curci , Andrea Esposito

Early diagnosis of critical diseases can significantly improve patient survival and reduce treatment costs. However, existing diagnostic techniques are often costly, invasive, and inaccessible in low-resource regions. This paper presents a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Manisha More , Kavya Bhand , Kaustubh Mukdam , Kavya Sharma , Manas Kawtikwar , Hridayansh Kaware , Prajwal Kavhar

In this work, we investigate the performance across multiple classification models to classify chest X-ray images into four categories of COVID-19, pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and normal cases. We leveraged transfer learning techniques…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 Alanna Hazlett , Naomi Ohashi , Timothy Rodriguez , Sodiq Adewole

Tuberculosis (TB) is a top-10 cause of death worldwide. Though the WHO recommends chest radiographs (CXRs) for TB screening, the limited availability of CXR interpretation is a barrier. We trained a deep learning system (DLS) to detect…

Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis share many overlapping features such as clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological features - particularly granulomas, making it challenging to clinically differentiate them. Our…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Shashwat Gupta , Sarthak Gupta , Akshan Agrawal , Mahim Naaz , Rajanikanth Yadav , Priyanka Bagade

Score-based algorithms for tuberculosis (TB) verbal screening perform poorly, causing misclassification that leads to missed cases and unnecessary costly laboratory tests for false positives. We compared score-based classification defined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Ali Akbar Septiandri , Aditiawarman , Roy Tjiong , Erlina Burhan , Anuraj Shankar

Early detection and rapid intervention of lung cancer are crucial. Nonetheless, ensuring an accurate diagnosis is challenging, as physicians' ability to interpret chest X-rays varies significantly depending on their experience and degree of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Hyeonjin Choi , Jinse Kim , Dong-yeon Yoo , Ju-sung Sun , Jung-won Lee

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for AI-driven tools to assist in rapid and accurate patient prognosis. Chest X-ray imaging is a widely available diagnostic tool, but existing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Alfred Simbun , Suresh Kumar

Chest radiography (CXR) is the most widely-used thoracic clinical imaging modality and is crucial for guiding the management of cardiothoracic conditions. The detection of specific CXR findings has been the main focus of several artificial…

The use of ImageNet pre-trained networks is becoming widespread in the medical imaging community. It enables training on small datasets, commonly available in medical imaging tasks. The recent emergence of a large Chest X-ray dataset opened…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-04 Ophir Gozes , Hayit Greenspan

In this work, we propose advanced pneumonia and Tuberculosis grading system for X-ray images. The proposed system is a very deep fully convolutional classification network with online augmentation that outputs confidence values for diseases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Mrinal Haloi , K. Raja Rajalakshmi , Pradeep Walia

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health challenge, and is compounded by co-morbidities such as HIV, diabetes, and anemia, which complicate treatment outcomes and contribute to heterogeneous patient responses. Traditional models of TB…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ethan Wu , Caleb Ellington , Ben Lengerich , Eric P. Xing

Deep learning models show significant potential for advancing AI-assisted medical diagnostics, particularly in detecting lung cancer through medical image modalities such as chest X-rays. However, the black-box nature of these models poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Amy Rafferty , Rishi Ramaesh , Ajitha Rajan

Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant health threat, with no long-term cure currently available. Early detection is crucial, yet mammography interpretation is hindered by high false positives and negatives. With BC incidence projected to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jai Vardhan , Taraka Satya Krishna Teja Malisetti

Accurate and interpretable image-based diagnosis remains a fundamental challenge in medical AI, particularly under domain shifts and rare-class conditions. Deep learning models often struggle with real-world distribution changes, exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-13 Midhat Urooj , Ayan Banerjee , Farhat Shaikh , Kuntal Thakur , Sandeep Gupta

Respiratory diseases remain major global health challenges, and traditional auscultation is often limited by subjectivity, environmental noise, and inter-clinician variability. This study presents an explainable multimodal deep learning…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-02 S M Asiful Islam Saky , Md Rashidul Islam , Md Saiful Arefin , Shahaba Alam

We demonstrate that Domain Invariant Feature Learning (DIFL) can improve the out-of-domain generalizability of a deep learning Tuberculosis screening algorithm. It is well known that state of the art deep learning algorithms often have…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-10 Nishanjan Ravin , Sourajit Saha , Alan Schweitzer , Ameena Elahi , Farouk Dako , Daniel Mollura , David Chapman

Lung diseases remain a critical global health concern, and it's crucial to have accurate and quick ways to diagnose them. This work focuses on classifying different lung diseases into five groups: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-18 Tanzina Taher Ifty , Saleh Ahmed Shafin , Shoeb Mohammad Shahriar , Tashfia Towhid

In this paper, a methodology for the automated detection and classification of Tuberculosis(TB) is presented. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by mycobacterium which spreads through the air and attacks low immune bodies easily. Our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-08-05 Asha. T , S. Natarajan , K. N. B. Murthy

Objective: Breast cancer screening is of great significance in contemporary women's health prevention. The existing machines embedded in the AI system do not reach the accuracy that clinicians hope. How to make intelligent systems more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Jian Dai , Shuge Lei , Licong Dong , Xiaona Lin , Huabin Zhang , Desheng Sun , Kehong Yuan