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The use of a learnable codebook provides an efficient way for semantic communications to map vector-based high-dimensional semantic features onto discrete symbol representations required in digital communication systems. In this paper, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Lingyi Wang , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

Vector quantization (VQ) based ANN indexes, such as Inverted File System (IVF) and Product Quantization (PQ), have been widely applied to embedding based document retrieval thanks to the competitive time and memory efficiency. Originally,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Weihao Han , Jianjin Zhang , Defu Lian , Yeyun Gong , Qi Chen , Fan Yang , Hao Sun , Yingxia Shao , Denvy Deng , Qi Zhang , Xing Xie

Semantic communication, when examined through the lens of joint source-channel coding (JSCC), maps source messages directly into channel input symbols, where the measure of success is defined by end-to-end distortion rather than traditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Tze-Yang Tung , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Jinfeng Du , Harish Viswanathan

This work introduces Semantically Masked Vector Quantized Generative Adversarial Network (SQ-GAN), a novel approach integrating semantically driven image coding and vector quantization to optimize image compression for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Francesco Pezone , Sergio Barbarossa , Giuseppe Caire

Semantic communications provide significant performance gains over traditional communications by transmitting task-relevant semantic features through wireless channels. However, most existing studies rely on end-to-end (E2E) training of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-10 Joohyuk Park , Yongjeong Oh , Yongjune Kim , Yo-Seb Jeon

Vector-Quantized Image Modeling (VQIM) is a fundamental research problem in image synthesis, which aims to represent an image with a discrete token sequence. Existing studies effectively address this problem by learning a discrete codebook…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Baoquan Zhang , Huaibin Wang , Luo Chuyao , Xutao Li , Liang Guotao , Yunming Ye , Xiaochen Qi , Yao He

From the perspective of joint source-channel coding (JSCC), there has been significant research on utilizing semantic communication, which inherently possesses analog characteristics, within digital device environments. However, a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-04 Yoon Huh , Hyowoon Seo , Wan Choi

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) downlink transmission facilitates critical time-sensitive visual applications but is fundamentally constrained by bandwidth scarcity and dynamic channel impairments. The rapid fluctuation of the air-to-ground…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jijia Tian , Junting Chen , Pooi-Yuen Kam

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has intensified the need for effective mechanisms to transform continuous multimodal data into discrete representations suitable for language-based processing. Discrete tokenization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Jiahong Liu , Linxiao Cao , Wei Ji , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has significantly advanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), but this progress is accompanied by substantial memory and latency overhead from the extensive Key-Value (KV) cache. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Tao Zhang , Ziqian Zeng , Hao Peng , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen

Deep learning based joint source-channel coding (JSCC) has demonstrated significant advancements in data reconstruction compared to separate source-channel coding (SSCC). This superiority arises from the suboptimality of SSCC when dealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

Deep learning has advanced from fully connected architectures to structured models organized into components, e.g., the transformer composed of positional elements, modular architectures divided into slots, and graph neural nets made up of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Kenji Kawaguchi , Anirudh Goyal , Chen Sun , Michael Curtis Mozer , Yoshua Bengio

Uncovering emergent concepts across transformer layers remains a significant challenge because the residual stream linearly mixes and duplicates information, obscuring how features evolve within large language models. Current research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Ankur Garg , Xuemin Yu , Hassan Sajjad , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Most existing semantic communication systems employ analog modulation, which is incompatible with modern digital communication systems. Although several digital transmission approaches have been proposed to address this issue, an end-to-end…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-31 Haoshuo Zhang , Yufei Bo , Jianhua Mo , Meixia Tao

Efficient channel state information (CSI) feedback is critical for 6G extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems to mitigate channel interference. However, the massive antenna scale imposes a severe burden on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Yuhang Ma , Nan Ma , Jianqiao Chen , Wenkai Liu

We consider vector-quantized (VQ) transmission of compressed sensing (CS) measurements over noisy channels. Adopting mean-square error (MSE) criterion to measure the distortion between a sparse vector and its reconstruction, we derive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Amirpasha Shirazinia , Saikat Chatterjee , Mikael Skoglund

Powerful large language models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to be deployed with lower computational costs, enabling their capabilities on resource-constrained devices. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a star approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yuzhuang Xu , Shiyu Ji , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

One-shot voice conversion (VC), which performs conversion across arbitrary speakers with only a single target-speaker utterance for reference, can be effectively achieved by speech representation disentanglement. Existing work generally…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-22 Disong Wang , Liqun Deng , Yu Ting Yeung , Xiao Chen , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

We present an AI-based framework for semantic transmission of multimedia data over band-limited, time-varying channels. The method targets scenarios where large content is split into multiple packets, with an unknown number potentially…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Homa Esfahanizadeh , Nargis Fayaz , Jinfeng Du , Harish Viswanathan

Deep learning enabled semantic communications are attracting extensive attention. However, most works normally ignore the data acquisition process and suffer from robustness issues under dynamic channel environment. In this paper, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-12 Zhiyuan Qi , Yulong Feng , Zhijin Qin