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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gathered increasing interest as learnable solvers of Boolean Satisfiability Problems (SATs), operating on graph representations of logical formulas. However, their performance degrades sharply on harder and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Geri Skenderi

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been utilized for various applications ranging from drug discovery to network design and social networks. In many applications, it is impossible to observe some properties of the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Moshe Eliasof , Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Eldad Haber

This paper studies the vulnerability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to adversarial attacks on node features and graph structure. Various methods have implemented adversarial training to augment graph data, aiming to bolster the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinluan Yang , Ruihao Zhang , Zhengyu Chen , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Perturbations targeting the graph structure have proven to be extremely effective in reducing the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), and traditional defenses such as adversarial training do not seem to be able to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Simon Geisler , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

Message passing graph neural networks (GNNs) are a popular learning architectures for graph-structured data. However, one problem GNNs experience is oversquashing, where a GNN has difficulty sending information between distant nodes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Mitchell Black , Zhengchao Wan , Amir Nayyeri , Yusu Wang

Graph Neural Network (GNN) is an emerging technique for graph-based learning tasks such as node classification. In this work, we reveal the vulnerability of GNN to the imbalance of node labels. Traditional solutions for imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Xiaohe Li , Lijie Wen , Yawen Deng , Fuli Feng , Xuming Hu , Lei Wang , Zide Fan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently emerged as a robust framework for graph-structured data. They have been applied to many problems such as knowledge graph analysis, social networks recommendation, and even Covid19 detection and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Thanh-Dat Nguyen , Thanh Le-Cong , ThanhVu H. Nguyen , Xuan-Bach D. Le , Quyet-Thang Huynh

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are learning architectures that rely on knowledge of the graph structure to generate meaningful representations of large-scale network data. GNN stability is thus important as in real-world scenarios there are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Luana Ruiz , Zhiyang Wang , Alejandro Ribeiro

Lots of learning tasks require dealing with graph data which contains rich relation information among elements. Modeling physics systems, learning molecular fingerprints, predicting protein interface, and classifying diseases demand a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Jie Zhou , Ganqu Cui , Shengding Hu , Zhengyan Zhang , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lifeng Wang , Changcheng Li , Maosong Sun

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years and have achieved excellent performance in semi-supervised node classification tasks. The success of most GNNs relies on one fundamental assumption, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Junchao Lin , Yuan Wan , Jingwen Xu , Xingchen Qi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved notable success in tasks such as social and transportation networks. However, recent studies have highlighted the vulnerability of GNNs to backdoor attacks, raising significant concerns about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chang Liu , Hai Huang , Yujie Xing , Xingquan Zuo

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the standard approach for learning and reasoning over relational data, leveraging the message-passing mechanism that iteratively propagates node embeddings through graph structures. While GNNs have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiaoyu Li , Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Wei Wang , Jiahao Zhang

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made significant advancements, particularly in tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph representation. However, challenges arise from biases that can be hidden not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Mahdi Tavassoli Kejani , Fadi Dornaika , Jean-Michel Loubes

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a prominent graph learning model in various graph-based tasks over the years. Nevertheless, due to the vulnerabilities of GNNs, it has been empirically shown that malicious attackers could easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yushun Dong , Binchi Zhang , Hanghang Tong , Jundong Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are effective machine learning models for many graph-related applications. Despite their empirical success, many research efforts focus on the theoretical limitations of GNNs, i.e., the GNNs expressive power.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Bingxu Zhang , Changjun Fan , Shixuan Liu , Kuihua Huang , Xiang Zhao , Jincai Huang , Zhong Liu

Deep learning on graph structures has shown exciting results in various applications. However, few attentions have been paid to the robustness of such models, in contrast to numerous research work for image or text adversarial attack and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Hanjun Dai , Hui Li , Tian Tian , Xin Huang , Lin Wang , Jun Zhu , Le Song

Although graph neural networks (GNNs) have made great progress recently on learning from graph-structured data in practice, their theoretical guarantee on generalizability remains elusive in the literature. In this paper, we provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Shuai Zhang , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a new and increasingly popular family of deep neural network architectures to perform learning on graphs. Training them efficiently is challenging due to the irregular nature of graph data. The problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Marco Serafini , Hui Guan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial noises, which motivates the benchmark of model robustness. Existing benchmarks mainly focus on evaluating defenses, but there are no comprehensive studies of how architecture design…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Shiyu Tang , Ruihao Gong , Yan Wang , Aishan Liu , Jiakai Wang , Xinyun Chen , Fengwei Yu , Xianglong Liu , Dawn Song , Alan Yuille , Philip H. S. Torr , Dacheng Tao

Graph neural networks (GNNs), consisting of a cascade of layers applying a graph convolution followed by a pointwise nonlinearity, have become a powerful architecture to process signals supported on graphs. Graph convolutions (and thus,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Fernando Gama , Joan Bruna , Alejandro Ribeiro