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Dynamic locomotion of legged robots is a critical yet challenging topic in expanding the operational range of mobile robots. It requires precise planning when possible footholds are sparse, robustness against uncertainties and disturbances,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Junzhe He , Chong Zhang , Fabian Jenelten , Ruben Grandia , Moritz BÄcher , Marco Hutter

Developing natural and diverse locomotion controllers for quadruped robots that can adapt to complex terrains while preserving motion style remains a significant challenge. Existing imitation-based methods face a fundamental optimization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhiquan Wang , Yunyu Liu , Dipam Patel , Ayush Kumar , Aniket Bera , Bedrich Benes

Deep reinforcement learning has recently emerged as an appealing alternative for legged locomotion over multiple terrains by training a policy in physical simulation and then transferring it to the real world (i.e., sim-to-real transfer).…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Hang Lai , Weinan Zhang , Xialin He , Chen Yu , Zheng Tian , Yong Yu , Jun Wang

Optimal Control for legged robots has gone through a paradigm shift from position-based to torque-based control, owing to the latter's compliant and robust nature. In parallel to this shift, the community has also turned to Deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shivam Sood , Ge Sun , Peizhuo Li , Guillaume Sartoretti

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made significant strides in legged robot control, enabling locomotion across diverse terrains and complex loco-manipulation capabilities. However, the commonly used position or velocity tracking-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Botian Xu , Haoyang Weng , Qingzhou Lu , Yang Gao , Huazhe Xu

Learning controllers that reproduce legged locomotion in nature has been a long-time goal in robotics and computer graphics. While yielding promising results, recent approaches are not yet flexible enough to be applicable to legged systems…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Daniel Ordonez-Apraez , Antonio Agudo , Francesc Moreno-Noguer , Mario Martin

Reinforcement learning (RL), driven by data-driven methods, has become an effective solution for robot leg motion control problems. However, the mainstream RL methods for bipedal robot terrain traversal, such as teacher-student policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haodong Huang , Shilong Sun , Yuanpeng Wang , Chiyao Li , Hailin Huang , Wenfu Xu

Goal-conditioned policies enable decision-making models to execute diverse behaviors based on specified goals, yet their downstream performance is often highly sensitive to the choice of instructions or prompts. To bypass the limitations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Guangyu Zhao , Kewei Lian , Haoxuan Ru , Borong Zhang , Haowei Lin , Zhancun Mu , Haobo Fu , Qiang Fu , Shaofei Cai , Zihao Wang , Yitao Liang

Legged robots are popular candidates for missions in challenging terrains due to the wide variety of locomotion strategies they can employ. Terrain classification is a key enabling technology for autonomous legged robots, as it allows the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Ahmadreza Ahmadi , Tønnes Nygaard , Navinda Kottege , David Howard , Nicolas Hudson

Learning multiple gaits is non-trivial for legged robots, especially when encountering different terrains and velocity commands. In this work, we present an end-to-end training framework for learning multiple gaits for quadruped robots,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jinze Wu , Yufei Xue , Chenkun Qi

Achieving robust legged locomotion on complex terrains poses challenges due to the high uncertainty in robot-environment interactions. Recent advances in bipedal and quadrupedal robots demonstrate good mobility on rugged terrains but rely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Juntao He , Baxi Chong , Jianfeng Lin , Zhaochen Xu , Hosain Bagheri , Esteban Flores , Daniel I. Goldman

Legged locomotion in constrained spaces (called crawl spaces) is challenging. In crawl spaces, current proprioceptive locomotion learning methods are difficult to achieve traverse because only ground features are inferred. In this study, a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Bida Ma , Nuo Xu , Chenkun Qi , Xin Liu , Yule Mo , Jinkai Wang , Chunpeng Lu

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) based controllers for legged robots have demonstrated impressive robustness for walking in different environments for several robot platforms. To enable the application of RL policies for humanoid robots in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Rohan Pratap Singh , Mehdi Benallegue , Mitsuharu Morisawa , Rafael Cisneros , Fumio Kanehiro

Gait phase estimation based on inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals facilitates precise adaptation of exoskeletons to individual gait variations. However, challenges remain in achieving high accuracy and robustness, particularly during…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yuanlong Ji , Xingbang Yang , Ruoqi Zhao , Qihan Ye , Quan Zheng , Yubo Fan

Inspired by biological motion generation, central pattern generators (CPGs) is frequently employed in legged robot locomotion control to produce natural gait pattern with low-dimensional control signals. However, the limited adaptability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Qiyue Yang , Yue Gao , Shaoyuan Li

Animals are capable of precise and agile locomotion using vision. Replicating this ability has been a long-standing goal in robotics. The traditional approach has been to decompose this problem into elevation mapping and foothold planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ananye Agarwal , Ashish Kumar , Jitendra Malik , Deepak Pathak

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled adaptable and agile quadruped locomotion; however, policies often converge to a single gait, leading to suboptimal performance. Traditionally, Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Prakrut Kotecha , Ganga Nair B , Shishir Kolathaya

Image-based reinforcement learning (RL) faces significant challenges in generalization when the visual environment undergoes substantial changes between training and deployment. Under such circumstances, learned policies may not perform…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Weiyao Wang , Xinyuan Fang , Gregory D. Hager

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) enables robots to learn complex behaviors through interaction with the environment. However, due to the unrestricted nature of the learning algorithms, the resulting solutions are often brittle and appear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Oliver Hausdörfer , Alexander von Rohr , Éric Lefort , Angela Schoellig

Quadrupedal robots exhibit a wide range of viable gaits, but generating specific footfall sequences often requires laborious expert tuning of numerous variables, such as touch-down and lift-off events and holonomic constraints for each leg.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jiayu Ding , Xulin Chen , Garrett E. Katz , Zhenyu Gan