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In response to adversarial text attacks, attack detection models have been proposed and shown to successfully identify text modified by adversaries. Attack detection models can be leveraged to provide an additional check for NLP models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jonathan Rusert

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents that execute tool-augmented, multi-step tasks, where latency is a critical factor for real-world applications. Yet an overlooked threat is Reasoning-Level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Li , Ronghui Mu , Lin Li , Tianjin Huang , Gaojie Jin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external, domain-specific data into the generative process. While LLMs are highly capable, they often rely on static, pre-trained datasets, limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aniruddha Salve , Saba Attar , Mahesh Deshmukh , Sayali Shivpuje , Arnab Mitra Utsab

The increasing reliance on web services has led to a rise in cybersecurity threats, particularly Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks, which target client-side layers of web applications by injecting malicious scripts. Traditional Web…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Vahid Babaey , Arun Ravindran

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for autonomous code generation is gaining attention in emerging technologies. As LLM capabilities expand, they offer new possibilities such as code refactoring, security enhancements, and legacy…

GA LLM is a hybrid framework that combines Genetic Algorithms with Large Language Models to handle structured generation tasks under strict constraints. Each output, such as a plan or report, is treated as a gene, and evolutionary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 William Shum , Rachel Chan , Jonas Lin , Benny Feng , Patrick Lau

With the widespread application of LLM-based agents across various domains, their complexity has introduced new security threats. Existing red-team methods mostly rely on modifying user prompts, which lack adaptability to new data and may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Tiehan Cui , Congying Liu , Mingzhe Xing , Datao You

Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-based MAS), where multiple LLM agents collaborate to solve complex tasks, have shown impressive performance in many areas. However, MAS are typically distributed across different devices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhilun Zhou , Zihan Liu , Jiahe Liu , Qingyu Shao , Yihan Wang , Kun Shao , Depeng Jin , Fengli Xu

Research into AI alignment has grown considerably since the recent introduction of increasingly capable Large Language Models (LLMs). Unfortunately, modern methods of alignment still fail to fully prevent harmful responses when models are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Matthew Pisano , Peter Ly , Abraham Sanders , Bingsheng Yao , Dakuo Wang , Tomek Strzalkowski , Mei Si

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can automate cybersecurity tasks and can adapt to the evolving cybersecurity landscape without re-engineering. While LLM agents have demonstrated cybersecurity capabilities on Capture-The-Flag (CTF)…

Agent self-improvement, where the backbone Large Language Model (LLM) of the agent are trained on trajectories sampled autonomously based on their own policies, has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing performance. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Zhisong Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

In this paper, we present a novel framework for enhancing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by leveraging the power of multi-agent systems. Our framework introduces a collaborative environment where multiple intelligent agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yashar Talebirad , Amirhossein Nadiri

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyberattacks due to their complex, interconnected nature. Ensuring the cybersecurity of these systems is paramount to maintaining road safety and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lu Gao , Yongxin Liu , Hongyun Chen , Dahai Liu , Yunpeng Zhang , Jingran Sun

As powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used for numerous practical applications, their safety is of critical importance. While alignment techniques have significantly improved overall safety, LLMs remain vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Samuel Jacob Chacko , Sajib Biswas , Chashi Mahiul Islam , Fatema Tabassum Liza , Xiuwen Liu

Web agents enable users to perform tasks on web browsers through natural language interaction. Evaluating web agents trajectories is an important problem, since it helps us determine whether the agent successfully completed the tasks.…

The predominant approach for training web navigation agents is to gather human demonstrations for a set of popular websites and hand-written tasks, but it is becoming clear that human data is an inefficient resource. We develop a pipeline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Brandon Trabucco , Gunnar Sigurdsson , Robinson Piramuthu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Strategic interaction in adversarial domains such as law, diplomacy, and negotiation is mediated by language, yet most game-theoretic models abstract away the mechanisms of persuasion that operate through discourse. We present the Strategic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Philipp D. Siedler

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) are increasingly deployed for agentic tasks, such as web automation, itinerary planning, and collaborative problem solving. Yet, their interactive nature introduces new security…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Samira Abedini , Sina Mavali , Lea Schönherr , Martin Pawelczyk , Rebekka Burkholz

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks. However, the complexity of agentic behaviors makes these systems difficult to understand. When failures occur,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Rui Sheng , Yukun Yang , Chuhan Shi , Yanna Lin , Zixin Chen , Huamin Qu , Furui Cheng