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Large language models have demonstrated remarkable few-shot performance on many natural language understanding tasks. Despite several demonstrations of using large language models in complex, strategic scenarios, there lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Anthony Costarelli , Mat Allen , Roman Hauksson , Grace Sodunke , Suhas Hariharan , Carlson Cheng , Wenjie Li , Joshua Clymer , Arjun Yadav

As large language models grow more capable, general AI agents have become increasingly prevalent in practical applications. However, existing benchmarks face significant limitations, failing to represent real-world user tasks accurately. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Hao Li , Huan Wang , Jinjie Gu , Wenjie Wang , Chenyi Zhuang , Sikang Bian

Lifelong learning is essential for intelligent agents operating in dynamic environments. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents, however, remain stateless and unable to accumulate or transfer knowledge over time. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , ZhongZhi Li , Yingying Zhang , Le Song , Qianli Ma

Large language model (LLM) agents accumulate rich episodic trajectories while solving real-world tasks, but it remains unclear whether such experience can be distilled into reusable procedural skills. We introduce SkillEvolBench, a…

It is unclear whether strong forecasting performance reflects genuine temporal understanding or the ability to reason under contextual and event-driven conditions. We introduce TemporalBench, a multi-domain benchmark designed to evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muyan Weng , Defu Cao , Wei Yang , Yashaswi Sharma , Yan Liu

We present TextAtari, a benchmark for evaluating language agents on very long-horizon decision-making tasks spanning up to 100,000 steps. By translating the visual state representations of classic Atari games into rich textual descriptions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhao Li , Wenwu Li , Chuyun Shen , Junjie Sheng , Zixiao Huang , Di Wu , Yun Hua , Wei Yin , Xiangfeng Wang , Hongyuan Zha , Bo Jin

The rise of agentic AI systems, where agents collaborate to perform diverse tasks, poses new challenges with observing, analyzing and optimizing their behavior. Traditional evaluation and benchmarking approaches struggle to handle the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Dany Moshkovich , Hadar Mulian , Sergey Zeltyn , Natti Eder , Inna Skarbovsky , Roy Abitbol

Existing Agent benchmarks suffer from two critical limitations: high environment interaction overhead (up to 41\% of total evaluation time) and imbalanced task horizon and difficulty distributions that make aggregate scores unreliable. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wang Yang , Chaoda Song , Xinpeng Li , Debargha Ganguly , Chuang Ma , Shouren Wang , Zhihao Dou , Yuli Zhou , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

Modern large-scale recommendation systems are typically constructed as multi-stage pipelines, encompassing pre-ranking, ranking, and re-ranking phases. While traditional recommendation research typically focuses on optimizing a specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Xidong Wu , Yue Zhuan , Ruoqiao Wei , Hangxin Chen , Di Bai , Jintao Liu , Xinyi Wang , Xue Wang , Luoshu Wang , Xinwu Cheng

Small language models are attractive for production deployment due to their low cost, fast inference, and ease of specialization. However, adapting them to a specific task remains a challenging engineering loop, driven not by training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dhruv Atreja , Julia White , Nikhil Nayak , Kelton Zhang , Henrijs Princis , George Hurn-Maloney , Ash Lewis , Urchade Zaratiana

Agent applications are increasingly adopted to automate workflows across diverse tasks. However, due to the heterogeneous domains they operate in, it is challenging to create a scalable evaluation framework. Prior works each employ their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Penny Chong , Harshavardhan Abichandani , Jiyuan Shen , Atin Ghosh , Min Pyae Moe , Yifan Mai , Daniel Dahlmeier

With the integration of large language models (LLMs), embodied agents have strong capabilities to understand and plan complicated natural language instructions. However, a foreseeable issue is that those embodied agents can also flawlessly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sheng Yin , Xianghe Pang , Yuanzhuo Ding , Menglan Chen , Yutong Bi , Yichen Xiong , Wenhao Huang , Zhen Xiang , Jing Shao , Siheng Chen

Tool learning has generated widespread interest as a vital means of interaction between Large Language Models (LLMs) and the physical world. Current research predominantly emphasizes LLMs' capacity to utilize tools in well-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Songyang Gao , Caishuang Huang , Sixian Li , Guanyu Li , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Evaluating the safety of LLM-based agents is increasingly important because risks in realistic deployments often emerge over multi-step interactions rather than isolated prompts or final responses. Existing trajectory-level benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yu Li , Haoyu Luo , Yuejin Xie , Yuqian Fu , Zhonghao Yang , Shuai Shao , Qihan Ren , Wanying Qu , Yanwei Fu , Yujiu Yang , Jing Shao , Xia Hu , Dongrui Liu

Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in the software industry, contributing code as collaborators or even autonomous developers. As their presence grows, it becomes important to assess the current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Qixing Zhou , Jiacheng Zhang , Haiyang Wang , Rui Hao , Jiahe Wang , Minghao Han , Yuxue Yang , Shuzhe Wu , Feiyang Pan , Lue Fan , Dandan Tu , Zhaoxiang Zhang

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models has enabled agents to operate mobile devices by directly interacting with graphical user interfaces, opening new possibilities for mobile automation. However, real-world mobile tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yuanyi Song , Heyuan Huang , Qiqiang Lin , Yin Zhao , Xiangmou Qu , Jun Wang , Xingyu Lou , Weiwen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Zhaoxiang Wang

Full-duplex voice agents--systems that listen and speak simultaneously--are rapidly moving from research to production. However, existing evaluations address conversational dynamics and task completion in isolation. We introduce…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Soham Ray , Keshav Dhandhania , Victor Barres , Karthik Narasimhan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs in new dialogue capabilities by leveraging instruction tuning, which refreshes human impressions of dialogue systems. The long-standing goal of dialogue systems is to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jiao Ou , Junda Lu , Che Liu , Yihong Tang , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

We introduce REAL, a benchmark and framework for multi-turn agent evaluations on deterministic simulations of real-world websites. REAL comprises high-fidelity, deterministic replicas of 11 widely-used websites across domains such as…