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The partitioning of data for estimation and calibration critically impacts the performance of propensity score based estimators like inverse probability weighting (IPW) and double/debiased machine learning (DML) frameworks. We extend recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Sven Klaassen , Jan Rabenseifner , Jannis Kueck , Philipp Bach

We study a robust alternative to empirical risk minimization called distributionally robust learning (DRL), in which one learns to perform against an adversary who can choose the data distribution from a specified set of distributions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Charlie Frogner , Sebastian Claici , Edward Chien , Justin Solomon

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are energy-based models analogous to the Ising model and are widely applied in statistical machine learning. The standard inverse Ising problem with a complete dataset requires computing both data and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-01 Kaiji Sekimoto , Muneki Yasuda

Predictive models that accurately emulate complex scientific processes can achieve exponential speed-ups over numerical simulators or experiments, and at the same time provide surrogates for improving the subsequent analysis. Consequently,…

In multi-task learning, labels are often missing irregularly across samples, which can be fully labeled, partially labeled or unlabeled. The irregular label presence often appears in scientific studies due to experimental limitations. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mingqian Li , Qiao Han , Ruifeng Li , Yao Yang , Hongyang Chen

Commonly used methods to analyze incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data include complete case analysis (CC) and last observation carried forward (LOCF). However, such methods rest on strong assumptions, including missing completely at…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Ivy Jansen , Caroline Beunckens , Geert Molenberghs , Geert Verbeke , Craig Mallinckrodt

This paper deals with robust marginal estimation under a general regression model when missing data occur in the response and also in some of covariates. The target is a marginal location parameter which is given through an $M-$functional.…

Conformal prediction is a popular, modern technique for providing valid predictive inference for arbitrary machine learning models. Its validity relies on the assumptions of exchangeability of the data, and symmetry of the given model…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-20 Rina Foygel Barber , Emmanuel J. Candes , Aaditya Ramdas , Ryan J. Tibshirani

Missing data imputation forms the first critical step of many data analysis pipelines. The challenge is greatest for mixed data sets, including real, Boolean, and ordinal data, where standard techniques for imputation fail basic sanity…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-17 Yuxuan Zhao , Madeleine Udell

Combining multiple modalities carrying complementary information through multimodal learning (MML) has shown considerable benefits for diagnosing multiple pathologies. However, the robustness of multimodal models to missing modalities is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Hava Chaptoukaev , Vincenzo Marcianó , Francesco Galati , Maria A. Zuluaga

Methods for split conformal prediction leverage calibration samples to transform any prediction rule into a set-prediction rule that complies with a target coverage probability. Existing methods provide remarkably strong performance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Santiago Mazuelas

Calibration error is commonly adopted for evaluating the quality of uncertainty estimators in deep neural networks. In this paper, we argue that such a metric is highly beneficial for training predictive models, even when we do not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Bindya Venkatesh , Deepta Rajan

Missing data can be informative. Ignoring this information can lead to misleading conclusions when the data model does not allow information to be extracted from the missing data. We propose a co-clustering model, based on the Latent Block…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Gabriel Frisch , Jean-Benoist Léger , Yves Grandvalet

Conformal Prediction methods have finite-sample distribution-free marginal coverage guarantees. However, they generally do not offer conditional coverage guarantees, which can be important for high-stakes decisions. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-27 Ruijiang Gao , Mingzhang Yin , James McInerney , Nathan Kallus

Understanding the nuanced performance of machine learning models is essential for responsible deployment, especially in high-stakes domains like healthcare and finance. This paper introduces a novel framework, Conformalized Exceptional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xin Du , Sikun Yang , Wouter Duivesteijn , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Missing data can lead to inefficiencies and biases in analyses, in particular when data are missing not at random (MNAR). It is thus vital to understand and correctly identify the missing data mechanism. Recovering missing values through a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-08 Jack Noonan , Adetola Adedamola Adediran , Robin Mitra , Stefanie Biedermann

In modern large-scale observational studies, data collection constraints often result in partially labeled datasets, posing challenges for reliable causal inference, especially due to potential labeling bias and relatively small size of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-22 Yuqian Zhang , Abhishek Chakrabortty , Jelena Bradic

This paper introduces a novel iterative method for missing data imputation that sequentially reduces the mutual information between data and the corresponding missingness mask. Inspired by GAN-based approaches that train generators to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Jiahao Yu , Qizhen Ying , Leyang Wang , Ziyue Jiang , Song Liu

The presence of missing values often reflects variations in data collection policies, which may shift across time or locations, even when the underlying feature distribution remains stable. Such shifts in the missingness distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-15 Jihye Lee , Minseo Kang , Dongha Kim

We propose a new and computationally efficient algorithm for maximizing the observed log-likelihood for a multivariate normal data matrix with missing values. We show that our procedure based on iteratively regressing the missing on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-11-21 Nicolas Städler , Daniel J. Stekhoven , Peter Bühlmann