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Providing user-understandable explanations to justify recommendations could help users better understand the recommended items, increase the system's ease of use, and gain users' trust. A typical approach to realize it is natural language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Lei Li , Yongfeng Zhang , Li Chen

During fine-tuning, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to data-poisoning backdoor attacks, which compromise their reliability and trustworthiness. However, existing defense strategies suffer from limited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shuai Zhao , Xinyi Wu , Shiqian Zhao , Xiaobao Wu , Zhongliang Guo , Yanhao Jia , Anh Tuan Luu

Recent works have shown that attaching prompts to the input is effective at conditioning Language Models (LM) to perform specific tasks. However, prompts are always included in the input text during inference, thus incurring substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Eunbi Choi , Yongrae Jo , Joel Jang , Minjoon Seo

Prompting has become a practical method for utilizing pre-trained language models (LMs). This approach offers several advantages. It allows an LM to adapt to new tasks with minimal training and parameter updates, thus achieving efficiency…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-26 Kai-Wei Chang , Haibin Wu , Yu-Kai Wang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hua Shen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Iu-thing Kang , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Project-based learning (PBL) is an instructional method that is very helpful in nurturing students' creativity, but it requires significant time and energy from both students and teachers. Large language models (LLMs) have been proven to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Siyu Zha , Yuehan Qiao , Qingyu Hu , Zhongsheng Li , Jiangtao Gong , Yingqing Xu

Prompt-based learning, with its capability to tackle zero-shot and few-shot NLP tasks, has gained much attention in community. The main idea is to bridge the gap between NLP downstream tasks and language modeling (LM), by mapping these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Yulong Chen , Yang Liu , Li Dong , Shuohang Wang , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng , Yue Zhang

By conditioning on natural language instructions, large language models (LLMs) have displayed impressive capabilities as general-purpose computers. However, task performance depends significantly on the quality of the prompt used to steer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Yongchao Zhou , Andrei Ioan Muresanu , Ziwen Han , Keiran Paster , Silviu Pitis , Harris Chan , Jimmy Ba

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable performance for various language understanding tasks in IR systems, which require the fine-tuning process based on labeled training data. For low-resource scenarios, prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Ziyun Xu , Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Fuli Luo , Runxin Xu , Songfang Huang , Jun Huang

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of prompt engineering and generation in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Starting from the early language models and information retrieval systems, we trace the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Golam Md Muktadir

The groundbreaking capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for enhancing human-computer interaction through emotion-adaptive Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, deliberately controlling the sentiment in these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Kerstin Sahler , Sophie Jentzsch

While Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) internalize a great amount of world knowledge, they have been shown incapable of recalling these knowledge to solve tasks requiring complex & multi-step reasoning. Similar to how humans develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Boshi Wang , Xiang Deng , Huan Sun

While diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models provide a simple and powerful way to generate images, guiding this generation remains a challenge. For concepts that are difficult to describe through language, users may struggle to create…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-11 John Joon Young Chung , Eytan Adar

Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially cloud platforms and large language models (LLMs), is changing how engineering is taught by making learning more interactive and flexible. However, in electrical engineering and energy systems,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Osasumwen Cedric Ogiesoba-Eguakun , Phani Kumar Inkollu , Rupesh Sah , Zia Rashid , Douglas Jussaume , Suman Rath

This paper presents our system for Track 1: Mistake Identification in the BEA 2025 Shared Task on Pedagogical Ability Assessment of AI-powered Tutors. The task involves evaluating whether a tutor's response correctly identifies a mistake in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Numaan Naeem , Sarfraz Ahmad , Momina Ahsan , Hasan Iqbal

Autoregressive Large Language Models have transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing. Pre-train and prompt paradigm has replaced the conventional approach of pre-training and fine-tuning for many downstream NLP tasks. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Prabin Bhandari

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing educational technology by enabling highly personalized and adaptive learning environments within Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). This report delves into the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy

Artificial intelligence has been applied in various aspects of online education to facilitate teaching and learning. However, few approaches has been made toward a complete AI-powered tutoring system. In this work, we explore the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yulin Chen , Ning Ding , Hai-Tao Zheng , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Bowen Zhou

Prompt engineering is an effective but labor-intensive way to control text-to-image (T2I) generative models. Its time-intensive nature and complexity have spurred the development of algorithms for automated prompt generation. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yutong He , Alexander Robey , Naoki Murata , Yiding Jiang , Joshua Nathaniel Williams , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Yuki Mitsufuji , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , J. Zico Kolter

This research investigates the use of customized GPT models to enhance prompting proficiency among architecture students when generating AI-driven images. Prompt engineering is increasingly essential in architectural education due to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Juan David Salazar Rodriguez , Sam Conrad Joyce , Julfendi

Grading assessments is time-consuming and prone to human bias. Students may experience delays in receiving feedback that may not be tailored to their expectations or needs. Harnessing AI in education can be effective for grading…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-12-01 Ryan Mok , Faraaz Akhtar , Louis Clare , Christine Li , Jun Ida , Lewis Ross , Mario Campanelli
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