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Effective data selection is essential for pretraining large language models (LLMs), enhancing efficiency and improving generalization to downstream tasks. However, existing approaches often require leveraging external pretrained models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jie Hao , Rui Yu , Wei Zhang , Huixia Wang , Jie Xu , Mingrui Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, due to their strong instruction-following capabilities. This has led to increasing interest in optimizing instructions for black-box LLMs, whose internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jaewon Chu , Seunghun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Recently, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal tasks, and multimodal instruction data serves as the foundation for enhancing VLM capabilities. Despite the availability of several open-source…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in visually interpreting medical time-series data. However, their general-purpose design can limit domain-specific precision, and the proprietary nature of many models poses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Huayu Li , Zhengxiao He , Xiwen Chen , Ci Zhang , Stuart F. Quan , William D. S. Killgore , Shu-Fen Wung , Chen X. Chen , Geng Yuan , Jin Lu , Ao Li

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Finding valuable training data points for deep neural networks has been a core research challenge with many applications. In recent years, various techniques for calculating the "value" of individual training datapoints have been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Soumi Das , Arshdeep Singh , Saptarshi Chatterjee , Suparna Bhattacharya , Sourangshu Bhattacharya

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) are expected to support multi-turn queries of interchanging image and text modalities in production. However, the current MLLMs trained with visual-question-answering (VQA) datasets could suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Shengzhi Li , Rongyu Lin , Shichao Pei

Deep learning's success has been attributed to the training of large, overparameterized models on massive amounts of data. As this trend continues, model training has become prohibitively costly, requiring access to powerful computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Ravi S Raju , Kyle Daruwalla , Mikko Lipasti

We propose a refined approach to efficiently fine-tune large language models (LLMs) on specific domains like the mathematical domain by employing a budgeted subset selection method. Our approach combines utility and diversity metrics to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Madhav Kotecha , Vijendra Kumar Vaishya , Smita Gautam , Suraj Racha

Instruction-following is particularly crucial for large language models (LLMs) to support diverse user requests. While existing work has made progress in aligning LLMs with human preferences, evaluating their capabilities on instruction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zihui Gu , Xingwu Sun , Fengzong Lian , Zhanhui Kang , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Ju Fan

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced instruction-following capabilities. However, most Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) datasets are predominantly in English, limiting model performance in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Wenxuan Zhou , Shamil Chollampatt , Ravi Agrawal , Kaiqiang Song , Lingxiao Zhao , Chenguang Zhu

Key frame selection in video understanding presents significant challenges. Traditional top-K selection methods, which score frames independently, often fail to optimize the selection as a whole. This independent scoring frequently results…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yiqing Yang , Kin-Man Lam

In-Context Learning (ICL) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) for rapid task adaptation without Fine-Tuning (FT), but its reliance on demonstration selection remains a critical challenge. While many-shot ICL shows promising performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jianfei Zhang , Bei Li , Jun Bai , Rumei Li , Yanmeng Wang , Chenghua Lin , Wenge Rong

Large language models (LLMs) have become widely adopted as automated judges for evaluating AI-generated content. Despite their success, aligning LLM-based evaluations with human judgments remains challenging. While supervised fine-tuning on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Bo Pan , Xuan Kan , Kaitai Zhang , Yan Yan , Shunwen Tan , Zihao He , Zixin Ding , Junjie Wu , Liang Zhao

Emerging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit great potential for chart question answering (CQA). Recent efforts primarily focus on scaling up training datasets (i.e., charts, data tables, and question-answer (QA) pairs) through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Xingchen Zeng , Haichuan Lin , Yilin Ye , Wei Zeng

Recent works have shown that by curating high quality and diverse instruction tuning datasets, we can significantly improve instruction-following capabilities. However, creating such datasets is difficult and most works rely on manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alexander Bukharin , Shiyang Li , Zhengyang Wang , Jingfeng Yang , Bing Yin , Xian Li , Chao Zhang , Tuo Zhao , Haoming Jiang

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation has recently garnered considerable attention, where fine-tuning plays a key role in LLMs' adaptation. However, the cost of fine-tuning LLMs on rapidly expanding recommendation data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyu Lin , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Shuo Yang , Fuli Feng , Yinwei Wei , Tat-Seng Chua

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on task-specific data is essential for their effective deployment. As dataset sizes grow, efficiently selecting optimal subsets for training becomes crucial to balancing performance and computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shaobo Wang , Xiangqi Jin , Ziming Wang , Jize Wang , Jiajun Zhang , Kaixin Li , Zichen Wen , Zhong Li , Conghui He , Xuming Hu , Linfeng Zhang

Despite their powerful capabilities, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from considerable computational overhead due to their reliance on massive visual tokens. Recent studies have explored token pruning to alleviate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xin Zou , Di Lu , Yizhou Wang , Yibo Yan , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Xu Zheng , Linfeng Zhang , Xuming Hu

Multimodal information retrieval (MMIR) has gained attention for its flexibility in handling text, images, or mixed queries and candidates. Recent breakthroughs in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) boost MMIR performance by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dawei Su , Dongsheng Wang